Abstract In the pathogenesis of the infectious process in the respiratory tract by SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 coronaviruses, two stages can be distinguished: early (etiotropic) and late (pathogenetic) ones. In the first stage, when the virus multiplication and accumulation are prevalent under insufficient host immune response, the use of chemotherapeutic agents blocking the reproduction of the virus is reasonable to suppress the development of the disease. This article considers six major chemotherapeutic classes aimed at certain viral targets: inhibitors of viral RNA polymerase, inhibitors of viral protease Mpro, inhibitors of proteolytic activation of viral protein S allowing virus entry into the target cell, inhibitors of virus uncoating in cellular endosomes, compounds of exogenous interferons, and compounds of natural and recombinant virus-neutralizing antibodies. In the second stage, when the multiplication of the virus decreases and threatening pathological processes of excessive inflammation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary edema, hypoxia, and secondary bacterial pneumonia and sepsis events develop, a pathogenetic therapeutic approach including extracorporeal blood oxygenation, detoxification, and anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial therapy seems to be the most effective way for the patient’s recovery.

中文翻译：

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冠状病毒感染化疗中的分子靶点

摘要 在 SARS、MERS 和 COVID-19 冠状病毒在呼吸道感染过程的发病机制中，可以区分两个阶段：早期（致病性）和晚期（致病性）阶段。在第一阶段，当宿主免疫反应不足，病毒增殖和积累盛行时，使用阻断病毒繁殖的化疗药物来抑制疾病的发展是合理的。本文考虑了针对某些病毒靶点的六种主要化学治疗类别：病毒 RNA 聚合酶抑制剂、病毒蛋白酶 Mpro 抑制剂、允许病毒进入靶细胞的病毒蛋白 S 蛋白水解活化抑制剂、细胞内体中病毒脱壳抑制剂、化合物外源性干扰素，以及天然和重组病毒中和抗体的化合物。在第二阶段，当病毒增殖减少并威胁过度炎症、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、肺水肿、缺氧和继发性细菌性肺炎和败血症等病理过程时，包括体外血氧合、解毒、而消炎抗菌治疗似乎是患者康复最有效的方法。