As simulators of organisms in Nature, soft robots have been developed over the past few decades. In particular, biohybrid robots constructed by integrating living cells with soft materials demonstrate the unique advantage of simulating the construction and functions of human tissues or organs, thus attracting extensive attention and research interest. Here, we present up-to-date studies concerning biohybrid robots with various biological actuators such as contractile cells and microorganisms. After presenting the basic components including biological components and synthetic materials, the controlling methods and locomotion modalities of biohybrid robots are clarified and summarized. We then focus on the applications, especially the biomedical applications, of the biohybrid robots including drug delivery, bioimaging, and tissue engineering. The challenges and prospects for the future development of biohybrid robots are also presented.

中文翻译：

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具有活细胞驱动的生物混合机器人。

作为自然界中生物的模拟器，软机器人在过去的几十年中得到了发展。特别地，通过将​​活细胞与软材料整合而构建的生物杂交机器人表现出模拟人体组织或器官的构造和功能的独特优势，因此引起了广泛的关注和研究兴趣。在这里，我们提出了有关具有各种生物致动器（例如，收缩细胞和微生物）的生物混合机器人的最新研究。在介绍了包括生物成分和合成材料在内的基本成分之后，阐明并总结了生物混合机器人的控制方法和运动方式。然后，我们专注于生物混合机器人的应用，尤其是生物医学应用，包括药物输送，生物成像和组织工程。