Immunotherapeutic treatment strategies provide novel avenues to improve clinical outcomes in patients. Significant anti-tumor responses have been observed in several subsets of adult tumors through targeting immune checkpoint blockade.¹ The vast majority of pediatric tumors have previously been considered as poor candidates for immunotherapeutic treatment due to their stable genomes. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have remained confined to specific pediatric tumors that often demonstrate high mutational burden and possess elevated tumor antigen, canonical hallmarks of effective ICI response.² Nevertheless, certain cancer subtypes, such as renal cell carcinoma, have demonstrated sensitivity to ICIs despite low mutational burden, suggesting additional factors are responsible for ICI...

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文学亮点

免疫治疗策略为改善患者的临床结局提供了新途径。通过靶向免疫检查点阻滞，已在成年肿瘤的几个子集中观察到了显着的抗肿瘤反应。¹由于其稳定的基因组，绝大多数小儿肿瘤以前被认为是免疫治疗的较差候选药物。免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）仍然局限于特定的儿科肿瘤，这些肿瘤通常表现出高的突变负担并具有升高的肿瘤抗原，这是有效ICI反应的典型标志。² 尽管如此，某些癌症亚型，例如肾细胞癌，尽管突变负担很低，但对ICIs仍然表现出敏感性，这表明ICI还是由其他因素引起的。