(1) Background: Childhood rapid weight gain during development has been postulated as a predictor of obesity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the annual weight gain and height growth, as well as identifying possible lifestyle factors involved. (2) Methods: As part of the GENYAL study, 221 children (6–8 years old) of Madrid (Spain) were enrolled. A total of 11 SNPs associated with high childhood body mass indexes (BMIs) were assessed. Anthropometric measurements, dietary and physical activity data, were collected in 2017 and 2018. Bonferroni-corrected linear models were used to fit the data. (3) Results: A significant association between the Q223R LEPR and the weight growth was found, showing a different behavior between GA and GG genotypes (p = 0.001). Regarding lifestyle factors, an interaction between Q223R genotypes and total active weekly hours/week to predict the weight growth (kg/year) was observed (p = 0.023). In all the genotypes, a beneficial effect against rapid weight growth was observed, but the effect size of the interaction was much more significant in homozygous (GG) minor homozygous (β = −0.61 (−0.95, −0.26) versus heterozygous (AG) and wild-type homozygous (AA) genotypes (β = −0.07 (−0.24, 0.09) and β = −0.12 (−0.32, 0.08), respectively). (4) Conclusions: These results may contribute to more personalized recommendations to prevent childhood obesity.

中文翻译：

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瘦素受体基因的 Q223R 多态性作为儿童肥胖症体重增加的预测因子和可能涉及的因素的鉴定

(1) 背景：儿童在发育过程中体重快速增加已被假定为肥胖的预测因素。本研究的目的是调查单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 对每年体重增加和身高增长的影响，并确定可能涉及的生活方式因素。(2) 方法：作为GENYAL研究的一部分，马德里（西班牙）的221名儿童（6-8岁）入组。总共评估了 11 个与高儿童体重指数 (BMI) 相关的 SNP。2017 年和 2018 年收集了人体测量学测量值、饮食和身体活动数据。 Bonferroni 校正的线性模型用于拟合数据。(3) 结果：发现 Q223R LEPR 与体重增长之间存在显着关联，显示 GA 和 GG 基因型之间的行为不同（p = 0.001）。关于生活方式因素，观察到 Q223R 基因型与每周总活跃小时数/周之间的相互作用，以预测体重增长（公斤/年）（p = 0.023）。在所有基因型中，观察到对体重快速增长的有益影响，但相互作用的影响大小在纯合 (GG) 次要纯合 (β = -0.61 (-0.95, -0.26) 与杂合 (AG) 中更为显着和野生型纯合 (AA) 基因型 (β = -0.07 (-0.24, 0.09) 和 β = -0.12 (-0.32, 0.08)，分别). (4) 结论：这些结果可能有助于更个性化的建议，以预防儿童肥胖。