Contemplating the advancements in communication technology, the analysis of the features of reflectarray, transmitarray, and transmit‐reflectarray becomes essential for future adaptability. This article presents a thorough review of such high‐gain antennas, presenting some of the most relevant solutions published by the scientific society in the field of antennas and wave propagation. Several examples of unit cells for array implementation and complete array designs discussed in various literatures are analyzed. The analysis is focused in identifying the unit cell layouts, such as those developed using microstrip patches, frequency selective surfaces, or metamaterials. The analysis is extended to the ways of improving bandwidth, for example, true time delay elements, phase delay lines, meander lines, and so on, and the various methods used to enable reconfiguration, for example, p‐i‐n diodes, varactor diodes, or microelectromechanical systems. In addition, some antennas, which produce bidirectional beams simultaneously, are also discussed. Finally, all the models are compared against each other in order to highlight their benefits and limitations, summarizing their main characteristics, such as the frequency of operation, bandwidth, phase range, gain, aperture efficiency, sidelobe levels, cross polarization levels, and maximum beam‐steering range.

中文翻译：

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对反射阵列，发射阵列和发射反射阵列天线的最新发展情况进行全面分析

考虑到通信技术的进步，对反射阵列，发送阵列和发送反射阵列的特征进行分析对于将来的适应性至关重要。本文全面介绍了这种高增益天线，并提出了科学协会在天线和波传播领域发布的一些最相关的解决方案。分析了各种文献中讨论的用于阵列实现和完整阵列设计的单位单元的几个示例。分析的重点是确定晶胞布局，例如使用微带贴片，频率选择表面或超材料开发的晶胞布局。分析扩展到了提高带宽的方式，例如，真实时间延迟元素，相位延迟线，曲折线等，以及用于重新配置的各种方法，例如PIN二极管，变容二极管或微机电系统。另外，还讨论了一些同时产生双向波束的天线。最后，将所有模型相互比较以突出其优势和局限性，总结其主要特征，例如工作频率，带宽，相位范围，增益，孔径效率，旁瓣电平，交叉极化电平和最大值光束转向范围。