The Svalbard Archipelago has undergone rapid warming in the recent decades leading to warmer and wetter winter conditions. This study relates the present (2013–2018) 2 m temperature, precipitation, and rain‐on‐snow (ROS) climate in Svalbard to different atmospheric circulation (AC) types utilizing the high‐resolution numerical weather prediction model Application of Research to Operations at Mesoscale (AROME)‐Arctic. We find that the 2 m median temperatures vary most across AC types in winter and spring and in summer they vary the least. In all seasons the 10^th percentile 2 m temperatures are above 0°C with southwesterly AC types over Svalbard. In comparison, the relationship between AC type and precipitation varies more spatially, with most accumulated precipitation and highest median precipitation intensities with onshore flow over open water. Our results suggest that sea ice explains a large part of the local variability in both 2 m temperature and precipitation. In the studied period ROS is a frequent phenomenon up to 150 m above sea level (ASL) on land, with most events in the southwestern parts of the archipelago (57 cases during five winter seasons). ROS events in winter occur predominantly with AC types from the southerly sector or during a low‐pressure center/trough passage. The southwesterly cyclonic AC type, with a low‐pressure center west of Svalbard, is the most frequent AC type for ROS events. In addition to being the most frequent, the southwesterly AC has the largest spatial coverage of ROS.

中文翻译：

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斯瓦尔巴特群岛的当前温度，降水和雪上降雨

斯瓦尔巴群岛在最近几十年经历了迅速的变暖，导致冬季变暖和潮湿。本研究利用高分辨率数值天气预报模型将斯瓦尔巴特群岛目前（2013-2018）2 m的温度，降水和雪上降雨（ROS）气候与不同的大气环流（AC）类型相关联在中尺度（AROME）-北极。我们发现，冬季和春季，AC类型中2m的中值温度变化最大，而夏季则变化最小。在所有季节10^日在斯瓦尔巴特群岛上，西南AC类型的2 m百分点温度高于0°C。相比之下，AC类型与降水量之间的关系在空间上变化更大，随着开放水域的陆上流量，累积的降水量最多，平均降水强度最高。我们的结果表明，海冰解释了2 m温度和降水中的大部分局部变化。在研究期内，ROS是陆地上最高海拔150 m的常见现象，大多数事件发生在群岛的西南部（五个冬季中有57例）。冬季的ROS事件主要发生在南风或低压中心/低谷通道的AC类型中。西南气旋AC型，在斯瓦尔巴特群岛以西为低压中心，是ROS事件最常见的AC类型。除了频率最高之外，西南AC还具有最大的ROS空间覆盖范围。