3‐Trifluoromethyl‐4‐nitrophenol (TFM) has been used for more than 60 yr to control the invasive parasitic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus ) in the Great Lakes Basin (USA/Canada). In the early 1990s, researchers reported that TFM induced vitellogenin in fish and that TFM was an agonist for the rainbow trout estrogen receptor. To support continued registration of TFM for sea lamprey control, regulatory agencies required further testing to evaluate potential endocrine disruption effects. Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas ) were exposed to TFM at measured concentrations of 0.0659, 0.181, 0.594, 1.79, and 5.11 mg active ingredient (a.i.)/L for 21 d. No‐observable‐ and lowest‐observable‐effect concentrations (NOEC and LOEC, respectively) were determined to be 1.79 mg/L or greater for each endpoint. Male survival in the highest treatment group was reduced relative to the controls. Percentage of egg fertility was reduced in the highest treatment group, resulting in an estimated NOEC of 1.79 mg/L. Whereas no effect on the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was observed for males, female GSI was increased in the 5.11‐mg/L treatment. Vitellogenin production was not altered relative to the controls for all TFM treatment groups. However, female testosterone was elevated in the 5.11‐mg/L treatment. The results suggest that prolonged exposure to TFM at concentrations exceeding 1.79 mg/L has the potential to disrupt endocrine function. Biologically relevant effects were found at the highest exposure concentration following a 21‐d exposure. However, the duration of exposure in our study is not consistent with typical treatment durations (12 h) for sea lamprey control. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1599–1607. © 2020 SETAC

中文翻译：

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幼虫灭草剂3-三氟甲基-4-硝基苯酚的内分泌干扰研究：用黑头Fat鱼（Pimephales promelas）的短期繁殖测定。

3-三氟甲基-4-硝基苯酚（TFM）已用于控制大湖盆地（美国/加拿大）的侵袭性寄生七lamp鱼（Petromyzon marinus）。在1990年代初期，研究人员报道TFM诱导了鱼类中的卵黄蛋白原，而TFM是虹鳟雌激素受体的激动剂。为了支持TFM持续注册以控制海南芥菜，监管机构要求进一步测试以评估潜在的内分泌干扰作用。胖头min鱼（Pimephales promelas）分别以0.0659、0.181、0.594、1.79和5.11 mg活性成分（ai）/ L的测定浓度暴露于TFM中21 d。每个终点的未观察到和最低观察到的浓度（分别为NOEC和LOEC）被确定为1.79 mg / L或更高。相对于对照组，最高治疗组的男性存活率降低。在最高的治疗组中，鸡蛋的受精率降低了，估计的NOEC为1.79 mg / L。男性对性腺机体指数（GSI）没有影响，而在5.11 mg / L处理中女性GSI升高。相对于所有TFM治疗组的对照组，卵黄蛋白原的生产没有改变。但是，在5.11 mg / L的治疗中，女性睾丸激素升高。结果表明，长时间暴露于TFM的浓度超过1。79 mg / L有可能破坏内分泌功能。在暴露21 d之后，在最高暴露浓度下发现了与生物有关的影响。但是，在我们的研究中，暴露时间与控制海鳗的典型治疗时间（12小时）不一致。2020年《环境毒理学》； 39：1599-1607。©2020 SETAC