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Whinchat survival estimates across Europe: can excessive adult mortality explain population declines?
Animal Conservation ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-16 , DOI: 10.1111/acv.12594 R. Fay 1 , M. Schaub 1 , M. V. Banik 2 , J. A. Border 3 , I. G. Henderson 3 , G. Fahl 4 , J. Feulner 5 , P. Horch 1 , F. Korner 1 , M. Müller 1 , V. Michel 1 , H. Rebstock 6 , D. Shitikov 7 , D. Tome 8 , M. Vögeli 1 , M. U. Grüebler 1
Animal Conservation ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-16 , DOI: 10.1111/acv.12594 R. Fay 1 , M. Schaub 1 , M. V. Banik 2 , J. A. Border 3 , I. G. Henderson 3 , G. Fahl 4 , J. Feulner 5 , P. Horch 1 , F. Korner 1 , M. Müller 1 , V. Michel 1 , H. Rebstock 6 , D. Shitikov 7 , D. Tome 8 , M. Vögeli 1 , M. U. Grüebler 1
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European farmland birds show massive large‐scale population declines due to agricultural intensification. Long‐distance migrants are particularly affected as their populations appear to undergo larger declines than those of residents and short‐distance migrants, raising the question about the impact of non‐breeding environmental conditions and their potential impact on annual survival. The whinchat Saxicola rubetra, an Afro‐Palaearctic migrant inhabiting open habitats, has strongly declined over the last decades. Most of the conservation effort for this species has focused on improving the breeding success in Europe, but it remains unclear whether habitat changes in non‐breeding areas may also have contributed to the population declines through a decrease in adult survival. We studied survival of whinchats from eight breeding populations across Europe by analysing capture–recapture data. We found that apparent survival was consistently higher in males than in females and higher in successful than in failed breeders independently of the sex. True adult survival may, however, hardly differ between sexes being about 0.5 and 0.6 and a simple population model suggests true juvenile survival to be between 0.2 and 0.35. Adult survival was unrelated to population trends suggesting that the main demographic problem of the whinchats is likely insufficient reproduction, a feature that is shared with other declining grassland specialists. Finally, in line with results on other migratory farmland species, our study suggests that conservation activities for whinchats should in first place focus on Europe.
中文翻译：
欧洲对野生动物的生存估计：成年人死亡率过高可以解释人口下降吗？
由于农业集约化，欧洲农田鸟类显示大规模大规模减少。长途移民受到的影响尤为严重，因为其人口的下降幅度似乎比居民和短途移民的下降幅度更大，这引发了有关非繁殖环境条件及其对年度生存的潜在影响的问题。Whaxat Saxicola rubetra，在过去的几十年中，居住在开放栖息地的非裔古生物学家移民数量急剧下降。该物种的大多数保护工作都集中在提高欧洲的育种成功率上，但尚不清楚非育种地区的栖息地变化是否也可能通过降低成年存活率而导致种群减少。通过分析捕获-捕获数据，我们研究了欧洲8个繁殖种群的咽喉成活。我们发现，无论性别如何，雄性的表观存活率始终高于雌性，成功的育种者的存活率高于失败的育种者。但是，成年人的真实成年生存率在0.5到0.6之间几乎没有区别，简单的人口模型表明，真实的少年生存率在0.2到0.35之间。成年生存与人口趋势无关，这表明wh的主要人口统计学问题可能是繁殖不足，这一特征与其他下降的草原专家共有。最后，与其他迁徙农田物种的研究结果相一致，我们的研究表明，针对wh的保护活动应首先集中在欧洲。
更新日期：2020-05-16
中文翻译：
欧洲对野生动物的生存估计：成年人死亡率过高可以解释人口下降吗？
由于农业集约化，欧洲农田鸟类显示大规模大规模减少。长途移民受到的影响尤为严重，因为其人口的下降幅度似乎比居民和短途移民的下降幅度更大，这引发了有关非繁殖环境条件及其对年度生存的潜在影响的问题。Whaxat Saxicola rubetra，在过去的几十年中，居住在开放栖息地的非裔古生物学家移民数量急剧下降。该物种的大多数保护工作都集中在提高欧洲的育种成功率上，但尚不清楚非育种地区的栖息地变化是否也可能通过降低成年存活率而导致种群减少。通过分析捕获-捕获数据，我们研究了欧洲8个繁殖种群的咽喉成活。我们发现，无论性别如何，雄性的表观存活率始终高于雌性，成功的育种者的存活率高于失败的育种者。但是，成年人的真实成年生存率在0.5到0.6之间几乎没有区别，简单的人口模型表明，真实的少年生存率在0.2到0.35之间。成年生存与人口趋势无关，这表明wh的主要人口统计学问题可能是繁殖不足，这一特征与其他下降的草原专家共有。最后，与其他迁徙农田物种的研究结果相一致，我们的研究表明，针对wh的保护活动应首先集中在欧洲。
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