Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid‐origin cells which have immunosuppressive activities in several conditions, such as cancer and inflammation. Recent research has also associated MDSCs with numerous obstetrical and gynecological diseases. During pregnancy, MDSCs accumulate to ensure maternal‐fetal immune tolerance, whereas they are decreased in patients who suffer from early miscarriage or pre‐eclampsia. While the etiology of endometriosis is still unknown, abnormal accumulation of MDSCs in the peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid, alongside an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been observed in these patients, which is central to the cellular immune regulations by MDSCs. Additionally, the regulation of MDSCs observed in tumours is also applicable to gynecologic neoplasms, including ovarian cancer and cervical cancer. More recently, emerging evidence has shown that there are high levels of MDSCs in premature ovarian failure (POF) and in vitro fertilization (IVF), but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this review, the generation and mechanisms of MDSCs are summarized. In particular, the modulation of these cells in immune‐related obstetrical and gynecological diseases is discussed, including potential treatment options targeting MDSCs.

中文翻译：

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产科和妇科疾病中髓样来源的抑制细胞。

髓样来源的抑制细胞（MDSC）是一组异种的髓样来源的细胞，它们在某些情况下具有免疫抑制活性，例如癌症和炎症。最近的研究还将MDSC与许多妇产科疾病相关联。妊娠期间，MDSC积累以确保母婴免疫耐受，而患有早期流产或先兆子痫的患者则会降低。尽管子宫内膜异位症的病因仍然未知，但在这些患者中已观察到MDSCs在外周血和腹膜液中的异常积累，以及活性氧（ROS）水平的升高，这是MDSCs对细胞免疫调节的关键。此外，在肿瘤中观察到的MDSC的调节也适用于妇科肿瘤，包括卵巢癌和宫颈癌。最近，越来越多的证据表明，卵巢早衰（POF）和体外受精（IVF）中存在高水平的MDSC，但其潜在机制尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，总结了MDSC的产生和机制。特别是，讨论了这些细胞在免疫相关的妇产科疾病中的调节作用，包括针对MDSC的潜在治疗选择。