3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) and 3-MCPD esters are contaminants present in a variety of processed foods, including infant formulas. Toxicological data are unavailable in humans, but rodent studies have demonstrated renal and testicular toxicity from 3-MCPD and 3-MCPD esters. There is evidence that 3-MCPD esters are hydrolyzed in the digestive system, releasing 3-MCPD that would be absorbed and induce damage. We assessed absorption and metabolism of 3-MCPD and three 3-MCPD monoesters, 1-oleoyl (1-Ol), 1-linoleoyl (1-Li) and 1-palmitoyl (1-Pa) commonly found in U.S. infant formula using differentiated Caco-2 cells. After 1-hour incubation, all three monoesters released free 3-MCPD and free fatty acids (FFA) into Caco-2 cell supernatants. Free 3-MCPD had a high apparent permeability (Papp = 30.36 ± 1.31 cm/s × 10-6) suggesting that it is freely diffusible and highly absorbed by intestinal epithelium. 1-Li released 3-4-fold more 3-MCPD than 1-Ol and 1-Pa over 1 h, suggesting that this variable release rates might contribute to the overall in vivo exposure to 3-MCPD. None of the monoesters or FFA were detected in basolateral supernatants, suggesting that these compounds do not cross the intestinal wall without further transformation. In summary, this study provides relevant data to advance knowledge of in vivo intestinal absorption and metabolism of 3-MCPD monoesters.

中文翻译：

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通过Caco-2细胞评估3-氯-1,2-丙二醇（3-MCPD）和三种3-MCPD单酯的肠道吸收/代谢。

3-氯1,2-丙二醇（3-MCPD）和3-MCPD酯是包括婴儿配方食品在内的多种加工食品中的污染物。尚无人类的毒理学数据，但啮齿动物研究证明了3-MCPD和3-MCPD酯对肾脏和睾丸的毒性。有证据表明3-MCPD酯在消化系统中被水解，释放出3-MCPD，后者会被吸收并引起损害。我们使用差异化方法评估了美国婴儿配方奶粉中常见的3-MCPD和三种3-MCPD单酯，1-油酰基（1-Ol），1-亚油酰基（1-Li）和1-棕榈油酰基（1-Pa）的吸收和代谢Caco-2细胞。温育1小时后，所有三种单酯均释放出游离3-MCPD和游离脂肪酸（FFA）到Caco-2细胞上清液中。游离的3-MCPD具有很高的表观渗透率（Papp = 30.36±1。31 cm / s×10-6），表明它可以自由扩散并被肠上皮高度吸收。在1小时内，1-Li释放的3-MCPD比1-101和1-Pa多3-3-4倍，这表明这种可变的释放速率可能有助于体内对3-MCPD的总体暴露。在基底外侧上清液中未检测到单酯或FFA，这表明这些化合物未经进一步转化就不会穿过肠壁。总而言之，这项研究提供了相关的数据，以提高3-MCPD单酯在体内肠道吸收和代谢的知识。在基底外侧上清液中未检测到单酯或FFA，这表明这些化合物未经进一步转化就不会穿过肠壁。总而言之，这项研究提供了相关的数据，以提高3-MCPD单酯在体内肠道吸收和代谢的知识。在基底外侧上清液中未检测到单酯或FFA，这表明这些化合物未经进一步转化就不会穿过肠壁。总而言之，这项研究提供了相关的数据，以提高3-MCPD单酯在体内肠道吸收和代谢的知识。