The ability to choose goals based on decision usefulness or the time required to reach the goals chosen are important aspects of decision making. There is considerable evidence in the literature indicating the fact that drug abuse affects different aspects of cognition. In the current study, we assessed the effects of morphine dependence and its withdrawal on cost-benefit decision making and furthermore the involvement of BDNF and p-CREB in the nucleus accumbens, a key brain area involved in decision making was measured. Different groups of male Wistar rats were trained in an effort-based and/or delay-based form of cost-benefit T-maze decision-making task. Thereafter, the animals were morphine dependent and the percentage of the high reward preference was evaluated. After behavioral tests, the BDNF level, and p-CREB/CREB ratio were measured by Western blot analysis. The results showed that during effort-based but not delay-based decision making, BDNF and p-CREB levels increased. During effort-based decision making in morphine dependent rats, BDNF decreased but there was no significant change in p-CREB. Besides, during delay-based decision making in the morphine dependent group, both BDNF and p-CREB did not show any significant change. These findings revealed that BDNF and p-CREB/CREB ratio in the NAc are essential factors for effort-based but not delay-based decision making. In addition, impairment of effort-based decision making in morphine dependent rats is related to the decrease of BDNF level but not p-CREB/CREB ratio in the NAc. However, delay-based decision making defects in morphine dependent rats did not associate with the change in BDNF and p-CREB levels in the NAc.

根据决策有用性或达到所选目标所需的时间选择目标的能力是决策制定的重要方面。文献中有大量证据表明滥用药物会影响认知的各个方面。在当前的研究中，我们评估了吗啡依赖及其戒断对成本效益决策的影响，此外还评估了BDNF和p-CREB在伏隔核中的参与，从而测量了参与决策的关键大脑区域。对不同组的雄性Wistar大鼠进行了基于努力和/或基于延迟的成本效益T型迷宫决策任务训练。此后，动物是吗啡依赖性的，并评估了高奖励偏好的百分比。经过行为测试后，BDNF水平 通过蛋白质印迹分析测量p-CREB ​​/ CREB比。结果表明，在基于工作量而非延迟的决策过程中，BDNF和p-CREB水平增加。在基于吗啡依赖大鼠的基于努力的决策过程中，BDNF降低，但p-CREB没有明显变化。此外，在吗啡依赖组基于延迟的决策过程中，BDNF和p-CREB均未显示任何显着变化。这些发现表明，NAc中的BDNF和p-CREB ​​/ CREB比率是基于努力而不是基于延迟的决策的必要因素。此外，吗啡依赖性大鼠基于努力的决策障碍与BDNF水平降低有关，与NAc中p-CREB ​​/ CREB比值无关。然而，