Increasing evidence from animal and human studies suggests that inflammation may be involved in mood disorders. Sickness behavior and emotional changes induced by experimental inflammatory stimuli have been extensively studied in humans and rodents to better understand the mechanisms underlying inflammation-driven mood alterations. However, research in animals and humans have remained compartmentalized and a comprehensive comparison of inflammation-induced sickness and depressive-like behavior between rodents and humans is lacking. Thus, here, we highlight similarities and differences in the effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide administration on the physiological (fever and cytokines), behavioral and emotional components of the sickness response in rodents and humans, and discuss the translational challenges involved. We also emphasize the differences between observable sickness behavior and subjective sickness reports, and advocate for the need to obtain both subjective reports and objective measurements of sickness behavior in humans. We aim to provide complementary insights for translational clinical and experimental research on inflammation-induced behavioral and emotional changes, and their relevance for mood disorders such as depression.

来自动物和人类研究的越来越多的证据表明，炎症可能与情绪障碍有关。由实验性炎症刺激引起的疾病行为和情绪变化已在人类和啮齿动物中进行了广泛研究，以更好地了解炎症驱动的情绪变化背后的机制。然而，对动物和人类的研究仍然是分开的，并且缺乏对啮齿动物和人类之间炎症引起的疾病和抑郁样行为的全面比较。因此，在这里，我们强调了细菌脂多糖给药对啮齿动物和人类疾病反应的生理（发烧和细胞因子）、行为和情绪成分的影响的异同，并讨论了所涉及的转化挑战。我们还强调了可观察到的疾病行为和主观疾病报告之间的差异，并主张需要获得人类疾病行为的主观报告和客观测量。我们的目标是为炎症引起的行为和情绪变化及其与抑郁症等情绪障碍的相关性的转化临床和实验研究提供补充见解。