Adolescent alcohol use is a widespread problem in the United States. In both humans and rodents, alcohol can impair learning and memory processes mediated by forebrain areas such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC). Adolescence is a period in which alcohol use often begins, and it is also a time that can be uniquely sensitive to the detrimental effects of alcohol. Exposure to alcohol during adolescence can cause persisting alterations in PFC and HC neurobiology that are linked to cognitive impairments, including changes in neurogenesis, inflammation, and various neurotransmitter systems in rodent models. Consistent with this, chronic adolescent alcohol exposure can cause PFC-dependent learning impairments that persist into adulthood. Deficits in adult HC-dependent learning after adolescent alcohol exposure have also been reported, but these findings are less consistent. Overall, evidence summarized in this review indicates that adolescent exposure to alcohol can produce long-term detrimental effects on forebrain-dependent cognitive processes.

中文翻译：

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青少年酒精暴露对人类和啮齿动物学习和相关神经生物学的影响。

青少年饮酒在美国是一个普遍的问题。在人类和啮齿动物中，酒精都会损害由前额皮质（PFC）和海马（HC）等前脑区域介导的学习和记忆过程。青春期是经常开始饮酒的时期，也是对酒精的有害影响极为敏感的时期。青春期暴露于酒精会导致PFC和HC神经生物学的持续改变，这些改变与认知障碍有关，包括啮齿动物模型中神经发生，炎症和各种神经递质系统的变化。与此相一致，慢性青少年酒精暴露会导致PFC依赖的学习障碍，并持续到成年期。还报告了青少年饮酒后成人HC依赖型学习的不足，但是这些发现并不一致。总体而言，本综述总结的证据表明，青少年饮酒可对前脑依赖性认知过程产生长期有害影响。