Both plants and humans require mineral elements for their healthy growth and development. Mineral elements in the soil are taken up by the plant roots and transported to the edible parts for human consumption through various different transporters. An ideal future crop for human health should be rich in essential mineral elements but with less toxic elements in the edible parts. However, due to the great difference in the numbers and amounts of mineral elements required between plants and humans, it is a challenge to balance plant growth and nutrient requirement for humans. In this article, we mainly focus on the transport system of mineral elements from soil to grain in rice, a staple food for half of the world's population, and discuss recent progress on the underlying genetic and physiological mechanisms. Examples are given for silicon, zinc, and iron essential/beneficial for both plants and humans, selenium and iodine only essential for humans, and toxic cadmium and arsenic for all organisms. Manipulation of some transporters for these elements, especially those localized in the node for allocation of mineral elements to the grain, has been successful in generating rice with higher density and bioavailability of essential elements but with less accumulation of toxic elements. We provide our perspectives toward breeding future crops for human health.

植物和人类都需要矿物质元素才能健康地生长和发育。土壤中的矿物质元素被植物的根部吸收，并通过各种不同的转运蛋白运输到人类食用的可食用部分。对人类健康而言，理想的未来农作物应富含必需的矿物质元素，但可食用部分中的毒性元素应较少。然而，由于植物和人类之间所需的矿物质元素的数量和数量差异很大，因此平衡植物的生长和人类的营养需求是一项挑战。在本文中，我们主要关注水稻（一种世界一半人口的主食）中矿物质从土壤到谷物的运输系统，并讨论其潜在遗传和生理机制的最新进展。给出了硅的例子，锌和铁对植物和人类都是必不可少的，硒和碘仅对人类必不可少，而毒性镉和砷对所有生物都是如此。操纵这些元素的某些转运蛋白，特别是定位在节点中的那些转运蛋白，以便将矿质元素分配给谷物，已成功地产生了具有更高密度和必需元素生物利用度，但有毒元素却较少积累的水稻。我们提供了为人类健康培育未来作物的观点。已经成功地生产出具有较高密度和必需元素生物利用度，但有毒元素积累较少的大米。我们提供了为人类健康培育未来作物的观点。已经成功地生产出具有较高密度和必需元素生物利用度，但有毒元素积累较少的大米。我们提供了为人类健康培育未来作物的观点。