OBJECTIVE After an intracerebral hemorrhage, there is an immunological reaction, the specific mechanism of which is not fully understood, that seems to contribute to secondary brain injury. In this study, we investigated alterations of inflammatory markers in the blood and clinical outcome after an intracerebral hemorrhage. METHODS Between July 2013 and February 2016, we performed a prospective study for which we recruited patients who had suffered an intracerebral hemorrhage. Using various scoring scales we evaluated the neurological state upon admission and discharge, and at one and three months following the ICH. During the hospital stay, various inflammatory markers were examined in blood samples. RESULTS Out of 132 screened patients, 27 were included (48.2% male, mean age 68 years). We found significantly elevated serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (p=0.006) at the time of admission and throughout days three and five. There were also elevated c-reactive protein and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor concentrations found. The concentrations of these immune parameters showed significant monotonic relationships. The ROC analyses showed a better discrimination for mortality with regard to the percentage of T helper cells than with regard to the ICH volume alone. CONCLUSION Our results may be regarded as preliminary evidence of the occurrence of inflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage. If there is a relationship between inflammation and clinical outcome remains speculative.

中文翻译：

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自发性脑出血后炎症标志物的变化和临床结果-初步结果。

目的脑出血后发生免疫反应，其具体机制尚不完全清楚，似乎是继发性脑损伤的原因。在这项研究中，我们调查了脑出血后血液中炎症标志物的变化和临床结局。方法在2013年7月至2016年2月之间，我们进行了一项前瞻性研究，招募了患有脑出血的患者。使用各种评分量表，我们评估了入院和出院后以及ICH后一三个月的神经系统状态。在住院期间，检查了血液样本中的各种炎症标记。结果在132例筛查患者中，包括27例（男性48.2％，平均年龄68岁）。我们发现入院时以及第3天和第5天，血清白细胞介素6的血清浓度显着升高（p = 0.006）。还发现c反应蛋白和粒细胞集落刺激因子浓度升高。这些免疫参数的浓度显示出明显的单调关系。ROC分析显示，相对于单独的ICH体积，在T辅助细胞百分比方面，死亡率的区分度更好。结论我们的结果可以被认为是脑出血后发炎的初步证据。如果炎症与临床结果之间存在关系，则仍是推测性的。还发现c反应蛋白和粒细胞集落刺激因子浓度升高。这些免疫参数的浓度显示出明显的单调关系。ROC分析显示，相对于单独的ICH体积，在T辅助细胞百分比方面，死亡率的区分度更好。结论我们的结果可以被认为是脑出血后发炎的初步证据。如果炎症与临床结果之间存在关系，则仍是推测性的。还发现c反应蛋白和粒细胞集落刺激因子浓度升高。这些免疫参数的浓度显示出明显的单调关系。ROC分析显示，相对于单独的ICH量，关于T辅助细胞百分比的死亡率判别更好。结论我们的结果可以被认为是脑出血后发炎的初步证据。如果炎症与临床结果之间存在关系，则仍是推测性的。结论我们的结果可以被认为是脑出血后发炎的初步证据。如果炎症与临床结果之间存在关系，则仍是推测性的。结论我们的结果可以被认为是脑出血后发炎的初步证据。如果炎症与临床结果之间存在关系，则仍是推测性的。