Methylparaben (MeP) is widely used as preservative in personal care products, food commodities and pharmaceuticals due to its antimicrobial properties. Its widespread use resulted in the contamination of aquatic environment and raised concerns about the potential adverse effects on human health, especially in the developing organisms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the embryotoxicity of MeP in zebrafish early-life stages applying the benchmark-dose (BMD) methodology to Fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) tests-OECD guideline 236. Toxic effects were studied by daily evaluation of lethal endpoints, hatching rate and sublethal alterations. Zebrafish fertilized eggs were exposed until 96 h post fertilization (hpf) to five concentrations of MeP: 1 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 60 mg/L and 80 mg/L. The lethal concentration 50 (LC 50) was 72.67 mg/L. Indeed, BMD confidence interval (lower bound, BMDL-upper bound, BMDU) was 40.8–57.4 mg/L for lethal endpoints and 16–26.5 mg/L for toxicity index, that includes both lethal and sublethal alterations. Zebrafish embryos exposed to MeP developed sublethal alterations including pericardial edema, yolk edema, blood stasis, reduction in blood circulation, reduced heartbeat and notochord curvature. The number of embryos exposed to the highest concentrations of MeP that reported sublethal alterations increased between 24hpf and 48 hpf-72 hpf-96 hpf. Only zebrafish larvae treated with 30 mg/L of MeP showed behavioural changes. This study highlighted the detrimental effects of MeP on zebrafish early-life stages with attention to its developmental toxicity.

对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（MeP）由于其抗菌特性而广泛用作个人护理产品，食品和药品中的防腐剂。它的广泛使用导致了水生环境的污染，并引起了人们对人类健康，特别是对发展中生物的潜在不利影响的担忧。本研究的目的是使用基准剂量（BMD）方法对鱼胚胎急性毒性（FET）测试-OECD准则236评估斑马鱼早期生命阶段MeP的胚胎毒性。致命终点，孵化率和亚致死性改变。将斑马鱼受精卵暴露于受精（hpf）后96小时，以五种MeP浓度：1 mg / L，10 mg / L，30 mg / L，60 mg / L和80 mg / L。致死浓度50（LC 50）为72.67 mg / L。确实，对于致命性终点，BMD置信区间（下限，BMDL上限，BMDU）为40.8-57.4 mg / L，毒性指数为16-26.5 mg / L，其中包括致死性和亚致死性改变。暴露于MeP的斑马鱼胚胎会发生亚致死性改变，包括心包水肿，卵黄水肿，血瘀，血液循环减少，心跳加快和脊索弯曲。暴露于最高致死剂量的MeP暴露的胚胎数量在24hpf和48 hpf-72 hpf-96 hpf之间增加。仅用30 mg / L MeP处理的斑马鱼幼虫表现出行为变化。这项研究强调了MeP对斑马鱼生命早期的有害影响，并关注其发育毒性。致死指标为4 mg / L，毒性指数为16–26.5 mg / L，其中包括致死性和亚致死性变化。暴露于MeP的斑马鱼胚胎会发生亚致死性改变，包括心包水肿，卵黄水肿，血瘀，血液循环减少，心跳加快和脊索弯曲。暴露于最高致死剂量的MeP暴露的胚胎数量在24hpf和48 hpf-72 hpf-96 hpf之间增加。仅用30 mg / L MeP处理的斑马鱼幼虫表现出行为变化。这项研究强调了MeP对斑马鱼生命早期阶段的有害影响，并关注其发育毒性。致死指标为4 mg / L，毒性指数为16–26.5 mg / L，其中包括致死性和亚致死性变化。暴露于MeP的斑马鱼胚胎会发生亚致死性改变，包括心包水肿，卵黄水肿，血瘀，血液循环减少，心跳加快和脊索弯曲。暴露于最高致死剂量的MeP暴露的胚胎数量在24hpf和48 hpf-72 hpf-96 hpf之间增加。仅用30 mg / L MeP处理的斑马鱼幼虫表现出行为变化。这项研究强调了MeP对斑马鱼生命早期的有害影响，并关注其发育毒性。暴露于MeP的斑马鱼胚胎会发生亚致死性改变，包括心包水肿，卵黄水肿，血瘀，血液循环减少，心跳加快和脊索弯曲。暴露于最高致死剂量的MeP暴露的胚胎数量在24hpf和48 hpf-72 hpf-96 hpf之间增加。仅用30 mg / L MeP处理的斑马鱼幼虫表现出行为变化。这项研究强调了MeP对斑马鱼生命早期的有害影响，并关注其发育毒性。暴露于MeP的斑马鱼胚胎会发生亚致死性改变，包括心包水肿，卵黄水肿，血瘀，血液循环减少，心跳加快和脊索弯曲。暴露于最高致死剂量的MeP暴露的胚胎数量在24hpf和48 hpf-72 hpf-96 hpf之间增加。仅用30 mg / L MeP处理的斑马鱼幼虫表现出行为变化。这项研究强调了MeP对斑马鱼生命早期阶段的有害影响，并关注其发育毒性。仅用30 mg / L MeP处理的斑马鱼幼虫表现出行为变化。这项研究强调了MeP对斑马鱼生命早期的有害影响，并关注其发育毒性。仅用30 mg / L MeP处理的斑马鱼幼虫表现出行为变化。这项研究强调了MeP对斑马鱼生命早期阶段的有害影响，并关注其发育毒性。