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Towards an understanding of the Ca isotopic signal related to ocean acidification and alkalinity overshoots in the rock record
Chemical Geology ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119672
Matthew S. Fantle , Andy Ridgwell

Abstract In this contribution, we explore the idea that the Ca isotope proxy has utility as an indicator of carbonate authigenesis (i.e., post-depositional precipitation of CaCO3 within the sedimentary package). Given the strong contrast in isotopic fractionation factor between the formational and diagenetic environments, Ca isotopes have the potential to fingerprint carbonate authigenesis when it occurs close to the seawater-sediment interface. We demonstrate that Ca isotopes are particularly applicable to exploring ocean acidification events, and potentially ocean anoxic events, and focus our attention on ocean acidification related to the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). We present three scenarios that vary in the magnitude and duration of the carbon fluxes that are simulated using an Earth System model of intermediate complexity (cGENIE), and we use the cGENIE output to constrain the upper boundary conditions of 1-D reactive transport models of authigenesis and recrystallization in the sedimentary section. Along with simple mixing calculations, the models inform our exploration of the hypothesis that authigenic carbonate induced by a saturation state overshoot during the PETM explains recently published Ca isotope records, and perhaps bulk carbonate records over Ocean Anoxic Event (OAE) 2. Our simulations suggest that fractionation factor variability does not explain the PETM δ44Ca records, and we propose a δ44Ca-CaCO3 space framework to assist with the elucidation of authigenic additions over time scales that are short relative to the residence time of Ca in the ocean (~1 Ma). Ultimately, we find that the ‘authigenic zone’ generated in the sedimentary column may be influenced by alkalinity overshoots or redox state; the CaCO3 produced in this zone can overprint temporal signals with depth-dependent signals that reflect lithology and sedimentation rate and need not be spatially uniform, even when driven by a global event. Ultimately, we demonstrate the utility of Ca isotopes for exploring short time scale climatic events and a quantitative framework to guide interpretations.

中文翻译:

了解与岩石记录中海洋酸化和碱度超调相关的 Ca 同位素信号

摘要 在这篇文章中,我们探讨了 Ca 同位素替代物可用作碳酸盐自生(即沉积包内 CaCO3 的沉积后沉淀)指标的想法。鉴于地层和成岩环境之间同位素分馏因子的强烈对比,当 Ca 同位素发生在海水-沉积物界面附近时,它有可能对碳酸盐自生进行指纹识别。我们证明 Ca 同位素特别适用于探索海洋酸化事件和潜在的海洋缺氧事件,并将我们的注意力集中在与古新世-始新世热最大值 (PETM) 相关的海洋酸化上。我们提出了三种使用中等复杂性地球系统模型 (cGENIE) 模拟的碳通量大小和持续时间不同的情景,并且我们使用 cGENIE 输出来约束 1-D 反应输运模型的上边界条件沉积剖面中的自生和重结晶。除了简单的混合计算外,这些模型还为我们探索以下假设提供了信息:PETM 期间饱和状态超调引起的自生碳酸盐解释了最近发表的 Ca 同位素记录,以及海洋缺氧事件 (OAE) 2 上的大量碳酸盐记录。我们的模拟表明分馏因子的可变性不能解释 PETM δ44Ca 记录,我们提出了一个 δ44Ca-CaCO3 空间框架,以帮助阐明相对于 Ca 在海洋中的停留时间(~1 Ma)较短的时间尺度上的自生添加。最终,我们发现沉积柱中产生的“自生带”可能受到碱度超调或氧化还原状态的影响;该区域产生的 CaCO3 可以与反映岩性和沉积速率的深度相关信号叠加时间信号,并且不需要在空间上均匀,即使是在全球事件的驱动下也是如此。最终,我们展示了 Ca 同位素在探索短时间尺度气候事件和指导解释的定量框架方面的效用。我们发现沉积柱中产生的“自生带”可能受到碱度超调或氧化还原状态的影响;该区域产生的 CaCO3 可以与反映岩性和沉积速率的深度相关信号叠加时间信号,并且不需要在空间上均匀,即使是在全球事件的驱动下也是如此。最终,我们展示了 Ca 同位素在探索短时间尺度气候事件和指导解释的定量框架方面的效用。我们发现沉积柱中产生的“自生带”可能受到碱度超调或氧化还原状态的影响;该区域产生的 CaCO3 可以与反映岩性和沉积速率的深度相关信号叠加时间信号,并且不需要在空间上均匀,即使是在全球事件的驱动下也是如此。最终,我们展示了 Ca 同位素在探索短时间尺度气候事件和指导解释的定量框架方面的效用。
更新日期:2020-08-01
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