Over the past decades, container transportation has achieved considerable growth, and maritime trade now constitutes 80% of the global trade. The vessel sizes increased in parallel, up to 21,400 TEU (Twenty-foot-equivalent unit container). Accordingly, global containerized trade reached up to 150 million TEU in 2017 (UNCTAD 2018). This growth brings the need to use scientific methods to manage and operate container terminals more economically throughout the globe. In order to manage container transshipment and to use large vessels efficiently, the docking time at the container port for each vessel should be minimized. The decrease in the docking time enables the vessel to move to its next destination faster, decreasing turnover time and facilitating more containers to be transported. Container terminals can be divided into five main areas as the berth, the quay, the storage yard, the transport area, and the gate. The vessels must be berthed in suitable positions, after which many containers have to be unloaded or loaded via quay cranes, transshipped by vehicles inside the terminal, and stacked by yard cranes to suitable positions, all by using expensive equipment. With the invention of new technologies, the bottleneck at the berth side is almost overcome; however, the yard and the quayside operations have to be further perfected to obtain efficient plans. In this comprehensive literature review study, we aim to combine the literature on both yard and quayside operations, carefully examining independently studied problems as well as integrated ones. General information about port operations and relevant literature is provided. For the quayside, the literature on quay crane assignment and scheduling problems is investigated, whereas, for the yard side, yard crane scheduling, transport vehicle dispatching and scheduling, vehicle routing and traffic control, and storage location and space planning problems are reviewed in depth. In addition to these individual problems, their integrations are also analyzed, relevant publications and their respective contributions are explained in detail. Besides the milestone papers that lead the literature on container terminals, recent publications and advances are also reviewed, and managerial insights and future research directions are identified.

在过去的几十年中，集装箱运输取得了可观的增长，海上贸易现在占全球贸易的80％。平行增加的船只大小达到21,400 TEU（相当于20英尺的单位集装箱）。因此，2017年全球集装箱贸易达到1.5亿标准箱（UNCTAD 2018）。这种增长带来了使用科学方法在全球范围内更经济地管理和操作集装箱码头的需求。为了管理集装箱的转运并有效地使用大型船只，应将每个船只在集装箱港口的停靠时间减至最少。停靠时间的减少使船舶能够更快地移至下一个目的地，从而减少了周转时间并便于运输更多的集装箱。集装箱码头可分为五个主要区域，如泊位，码头，堆场，运输区域和大门。必须将船停靠在合适的位置，然后必须通过码头起重机卸下或装载许多集装箱，由码头内的车辆转运并由堆场起重机堆放到合适的位置，所有这些都需要使用昂贵的设备。随着新技术的发明，泊位一侧的瓶颈几乎被克服了。但是，为了获得有效的计划，必须进一步完善院子和码头操作。在这项全面的文献综述研究中，我们旨在将有关堆场和码头作业的文献进行合并，仔细研究独立研究的问题和综合问题。提供有关港口运营的一般信息和相关文献。对于码头，研究了有关码头起重机分配和调度问题的文献，而对于院子，则对起重机起重机调度，运输车辆调度和调度，车辆路线和交通控制以及存储位置和空间规划问题进行了深入研究。 。除了这些个别问题之外，还分析了它们的集成，并详细说明了相关出版物及其各自的贡献。除了领导集装箱码头文献的里程碑式论文外，还对近期的出版物和进展进行了回顾，并确定了管理见解和未来的研究方向。深入审查了运输车辆的调度和调度，车辆的路线和交通控制以及存储位置和空间规划问题。除了这些个别问题之外，还分析了它们的集成，并详细说明了相关出版物及其各自的贡献。除了领导集装箱码头文献的里程碑式论文外，还对近期的出版物和进展进行了回顾，并确定了管理见解和未来的研究方向。深入审查了运输车辆的调度和调度，车辆的路线和交通控制以及存储位置和空间规划问题。除了这些个别问题之外，还分析了它们的集成，并详细说明了相关出版物及其各自的贡献。除了领导集装箱码头文献的里程碑式论文外，还对近期的出版物和进展进行了回顾，并确定了管理见解和未来的研究方向。