The fungus–substrate interaction on the antioxidant activity of a solid state fermentation system (SSFS) was investigated employing two basidiomycete fungi: Pleurotus columbinus and P. floridanus and two ascomycetes: Aspergillus fumigatus and Paecilomyces variotii on powdered peels of banana, pomegranate and orange, empty pea pods and rice straw. The oven-dried substrates were moistened at 90% water holding capacity, inoculated with the test fungi and incubated at 25 °C for appropriate time. Culture extracts were tested for the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity. The effect of substrate on the antioxidant activity of the SSFS was stronger than that of the fungal species. Peroxidase (POX) activity was higher in the basidiomycetes than ascomycetes and achieved its maximum in P. floridanus versus complete absence in A. fumigatus. By contrast, catalase (CAT) activity was higher in the ascomycetes, particularly P. variotii on banana peel, than in the basidiomycetes. Phenolics and flavonoids were highest in pomegranate peels but lowest in banana peels and rice straw, and they were subjected to severe consumption by the basidiomycetes versus mild production by the ascomycetes. The reducing power (RP) and DPPH scavenging activity were higher in the peels of pomegranate, orange and banana relative to rice straw and empty pea pods, and the fungal effect was limited and independent of the fungal taxonomic group. Orange peel is the appropriate substrate for production of fungal CAT and POX, which activities were mutually exclusive; but pomegranate peel is more suitable for production of phenolics and flavonoids.

中文翻译：

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底物-真菌相互作用对固态发酵系统酶和非酶抗氧化活性的影响

真菌-底物相互作用对固态发酵系统（SSFS）的抗氧化活性进行了研究，采用了两种担子菌真菌：侧耳侧耳菌和弗氏疟原虫以及两种子囊菌：烟曲霉和变异拟杆菌放在香蕉，石榴和橙子的果皮，空豌豆荚和稻草上。将烤箱干燥的底物以90％的保水量润湿，接种测试真菌，并在25°C下孵育适当的时间。测试培养物提取物的酶促和非酶促抗氧化剂活性。底物对SSFS抗氧化活性的影响要强于真菌物种。担子菌中的过氧化物酶（POX）活性高于子囊菌，并且在F. floridanus中达到最大，而在烟曲霉中则完全没有。相比之下，子囊孢子中的过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性更高，尤其是水痘假单胞菌在香蕉皮上，比在担子菌上。酚醛和类黄酮在石榴皮中最高，而香蕉皮和稻草中最低，它们被担子菌严格消耗，而被子囊菌轻度生产。石榴皮，橙皮和香蕉皮的还原力（RP）和DPPH清除活性相对于稻草和空豌豆荚更高，并且真菌作用受到限制，并且与真菌分类组无关。桔皮是生产真菌CAT和POX的合适底物，它们的活性相互排斥。但石榴皮更适合生产酚醛和类黄酮。