BACKGROUND The frailty phenotype for older people is defined as an increased vulnerability to stressors, leading to adverse health outcomes. It is acknowledged as a specific precursor of disability besides chronic diseases that allows for some reversibility in the loss of autonomy. Although the literature on the socio-economic determinants of frailty is emerging in cross-sectional settings, little is known about the dynamics of this relationship over time. This article examines the joint evolution of frailty and change in economic conditions for the 65+ in Europe. METHODS Individual and longitudinal data from SHARE (Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) over the period 2004-12 has been used. The sample contains 31 044 observations from 12 002 respondents aged 65 or more. A fixed effect Poisson model is estimated in order to control for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Three types of explanative economic variables have been considered in turn: income, wealth and a subjective variable of deprivation. RESULTS Our results indicate that individuals with worsening economic conditions (wealth and subjective deprivation) over time simultaneously experience a rapid increase in the frailty symptoms. Results also show that the nature of economic variable does not affect the frailty process in the same way. Subjective measure of deprivation seems to better evaluate the household's financial difficulties than objective measure. CONCLUSION From a public policy perspective, these results show that policies fostering economic conditions of the elderly could have a significant impact on frailty and henceforth, could reduce the risks of disability.

中文翻译：

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社会经济状况的脆弱性和变化动态：欧洲 65 岁以上人群的证据

背景老年人的虚弱表型被定义为对压力源的脆弱性增加，从而导致不利的健康结果。它被认为是除慢性病之外的残疾的特定先兆，允许在失去自主权方面具有一定的可逆性。尽管关于虚弱的社会经济决定因素的文献正在横断面环境中出现，但人们对这种关系随时间的动态变化知之甚少。本文探讨了欧洲 65 岁以上人口的虚弱和经济状况变化的共同演变。方法 使用了 2004-12 年期间 SHARE（欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查）的个人和纵向数据。该样本包含来自 12 002 名 65 岁或以上的受访者的 31 044 项观察结果。估计固定效应泊松模型以控制未观察到的个体异质性。依次考虑了三种类型的解释性经济变量：收入、财富和剥夺的主观变量。结果 我们的结果表明，随着时间的推移，经济状况恶化（财富和主观剥夺）的个体同时经历虚弱症状的迅速增加。结果还表明，经济变量的性质不会以同样的方式影响衰弱过程。剥夺的主观衡量似乎比客观衡量更能评估家庭的经济困难。结论 从公共政策的角度来看，这些结果表明，促进老年人经济状况的政策可能会对虚弱产生重大影响，因此，