Background

Worldwide, huge amounts of by-products and wastes are generated in agri-food sector annually. This biomass is usually discarded provoking serious environmental problems. However, these residues represent an excellent source of bioactive compounds so that their exploitation can be considered as a promising possibility from an economic and environmental perspective. Conventional extraction technologies using organic solvents have been employed to recover high-value molecules showing several drawbacks such as toxicity, high volatility and non-renewability. Therefore, the search of alternative green solvents for the extraction of bioactives and in order to reduce the environmental impact and to achieve a widespread consumer acceptance is mandatory. Recently, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs) have received great attention for their physicochemical features for bioactive compounds extraction.

Scope and approach

This review describes the state of the art of the applications of DESs and NaDESs in the field of the revalorization of agri-food by-products to obtain and isolate bioactive compounds. The synthesis and properties of these avant-garde solvents are described. In particular, the main bioactives extracted using DESs and NaDESs from several residues from citrus, winemaking, olive oil production, onion, seaweeds, animal and fish industries were systematically reviewed and collected.

Key findings and conclusions

DESs and NaDESs combined with emerging technologies to recover biomolecules from agri-food by-products show promising results in comparison with traditional methods of extraction using conventional solvents. These emerging solvents present advantages which make them good candidates for being implemented by the industry, considering their low toxicity, recyclability, tunable properties and environmentally friendly. Therefore, this new generation of solvents opens new options in the field of recovering bioactive compounds from agri-food by-products.

中文翻译：

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用于从农产品副产品中回收生物活性化合物的智能高级溶剂：综述

背景

在世界范围内，农业食品部门每年产生大量的副产品和废物。该生物质通常被丢弃，引起严重的环境问题。但是，这些残基代表了生物活性化合物的极佳来源，因此从经济和环境角度考虑，将其开发视为一种有前途的可能性。已经采用了使用有机溶剂的常规提取技术来回收高价值的分子，这些分子表现出一些缺点，例如毒性，高挥发性和不可再生性。因此，必须寻求替代的绿色溶剂以提取生物活性物质并减少对环境的影响并获得广泛的消费者接受。最近，

范围和方法

这篇综述描述了DES和NaDES在农业食品副产品的重新估值以获取和分离生物活性化合物领域中的应用现状。描述了这些前卫溶剂的合成和性质。特别是，系统地审查并收集了使用DES和NaDES从柑橘，酿酒，橄榄油生产，洋葱，海藻，动物和鱼类工业的几种残留物中提取的主要生物活性物质。

主要发现和结论

与使用常规溶剂提取的传统方法相比，将DES和NaDES与新兴技术相结合以从农业食品副产物中回收生物分子显示出可喜的结果。这些新兴的溶剂具有低毒性，可回收性，可调性和环境友好性等优点，使其成为行业实施的理想选择。因此，新一代溶剂为从农产品副产物中回收生物活性化合物提供了新的选择。