As a non-beam-based additive manufacturing (AM) method, binder jet 3D printing (BJ3DP) is a process where a liquid binder is jetted on layers of powdered materials, selectively joined and then followed by densification process. Among AM technologies, binder jetting holds distinctive promise due to possibility of rapid production of complex structures to achieve isotropic properties in the 3D printed samples. By taking advantage of traditional powder metallurgy, BJ3DP machines can produce prototypes in which material properties and surface finish are similar to those attained with traditional powder metallurgy. Various powdered materials have been 3D printed, however, a typical challenge during BJ3DP is developing printing and post-processing methods that maximize part performance. Therefore, a detailed review of the physical processes during 3D printing and the fundamental science of densification after sintering and post heat treatment steps are provided to understand the microstructural evolution and properties of binder jetted parts. Further, to determine the effects of the binder jetting process on metallurgical properties, the role of powder characteristics (e.g. morphology, mean size, and distribution), printing process parameters (e.g. layer thickness, print orientation, binder saturation, print speed, and drying time), sintering (e.g. temperature and holding time) and post-processing are discussed. With the development of AM technologies and need for post-processing in 3D printed parts, it is necessary to understand the microstructural evolution during densification process and here, processing steps are explained. Finally, opportunities for future advancement are addressed.

作为基于非光束的增材制造（AM）方法，粘合剂喷射3D打印（BJ3DP）是一种将液态粘合剂喷射到粉末材料层上，进行选择性粘合然后进行致密化工艺的过程。在AM技术中，由于可以快速生产复杂结构以实现3D打印样品的各向同性特性，粘合剂喷射技术具有独特的前景。通过利用传统的粉末冶金技术，BJ3DP机器可以生产出原型，其材料性能和表面光洁度与传统粉末冶金技术相似。各种粉末材料已进行3D打印，但是，在BJ3DP期间的典型挑战是开发可最大化零件性能的打印和后处理方法。因此，提供了有关3D打印过程中物理过程的详细综述以及烧结和后热处理步骤后的致密化基础科学，以了解粘合剂喷射零件的微观结构演变和性能。此外，要确定粘合剂喷射工艺对冶金性能的影响，粉末特性（例如形态，平均尺寸和分布），印刷工艺参数（例如层厚度，印刷方向，粘合剂饱和度，印刷速度和干燥）的作用时间），烧结（例如温度和保温时间）和后处理进行了讨论。随着AM技术的发展以及对3D打印零件进行后处理的需求，有必要了解致密化过程中的微观结构演变，并在此说明加工步骤。最后，