Abstract Metal-sulfur batteries are advanced energy storage systems featuring intriguingly high theoretical capacity and high energy density. Spurred on by the failures in commercializing Li-S and Na-S batteries, K-Q (Q = S, Se, and SexSy) batteries have entered the sights of researchers because of the low redox potential and natural abundance of element K and its synergistic reaction with S or Se. Unfortunately, the current K-Q battery still suffers from several drawbacks, such as drastic volume change, shuttling phenomenon, relatively low reactivity, and dendrite growth. To help to push forward progress of the K-Q battery, here in this review, we first introduce the operation principle and the fundamental challenges faced by the current K-Q batteries, followed by a comprehensive review of effective strategies that have been developed, including engineering of the electrode structure and optimization of the battery composition. Discussions of the mechanism are also included to deepen the understanding of such battery systems. Finally, we discuss the perspectives and challenges for practical application of K-Q batteries. We hope the insights provided in this review can shed light on this new yet rapidly developing field and offer guidance for the development of future high-performance K-Q batteries.

中文翻译：

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KQ（Q = S、Se 和 Se S）电池的进展

摘要 金属硫电池是一种先进的储能系统，具有极高的理论容量和高能量密度。在锂硫和钠硫电池商业化失败的刺激下，KQ（Q = S、Se和SexSy）电池由于低氧化还原电位和元素K的天然丰度及其协同反应而进入研究人员的视线与 S 或 Se。不幸的是，目前的 KQ 电池仍然存在一些缺点，例如剧烈的体积变化、穿梭现象、相对较低的反应性和枝晶生长。为了帮助推动肯昆电池的进步，在这篇综述中，我们首先介绍了当前肯昆电池的工作原理和面临的基本挑战，然后全面回顾了已经制定的有效策略，包括电极结构的工程和电池成分的优化。还包括对机制的讨论，以加深对此类电池系统的理解。最后，我们讨论了 KQ 电池实际应用的前景和挑战。我们希望这篇综述中提供的见解能够阐明这个快速发展的新领域，并为未来高性能 KQ 电池的发展提供指导。