Diopatra is the most species-rich genus of Onuphidae with about 60 species. Although 14 species have been reported for Brazil, the cosmopolitan D. cuprea is the most commonly reported from the area, including populations with a large morphological diversity. To better elucidate this species complex, we use morphological and molecular data, and reveal a hidden diversity. Thus, we describe four new species (D. hannelorae sp. nov., D. marinae sp. nov., D. pectiniconicum sp. nov. and D. victoriae sp. nov.) and discuss their geographical and bathymetrical distributions. None of the analysed specimens could be identified as D. cuprea based on available sequences. New taxonomic characters were highlighted, including jaw morphology, which was the determinant factor to differentiate D. marinae from D. victoriae. Phylogenetic analysis indicates three (COI and ND4) or four (concatenated) lineages, because D. marinae was not always reciprocally monophyletic. Sequence-based species delimitation also indicates three to five species, depending on the method used. Inter- and intragroup genetic divergence and haplotype network analysis supported four species. The divergence time among species indicates that Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations and the Vitória–Trindade chain limited the gene flow between northern and southern populations and contributed to the emergence of species, mainly in the case of D. marinae and D. victoriae.

中文翻译：

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Diopatra cuprea复合体（Annelida：Onuphidae）内的隐藏多样性：形态和遗传学分析揭示了西南大西洋的四个新物种

Diopatra是Onuphidae物种最丰富的属，约有60种。尽管巴西已报告了14种，但该地区最常报告国际化的D. cuprea，包括形态学多样性较大的种群。为了更好地阐明这种物种的复杂性，我们使用形态和分子数据，并揭示了隐藏的多样性。因此，我们描述了四个新品种（D. hannelorae属十一月，D. marinae属十一月，D. pectiniconicum属十一月和D. victoriae属十一月），并讨论其地理和bathymetrical分布。所分析的标本均不能被鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌根据可用序列。突出了新的分类学特征，包括颚形态，这是区分D. marinae和D. victoriae的决定因素。系统发育分析表明，三个（COI和ND4）或四个（连锁）谱系，因为D. marinae并非总是单反的。基于序列的物种定界也表明三到五个物种，这取决于所使用的方法。组间和组内遗传差异和单倍型网络分析支持四个物种。物种之间的分歧时间表明，更新世海平面波动和维托里亚-特林达德链限制了北部和南部种群之间的基因流动，并促进了物种的出现，主要是在D. marinae和D. victoriae的情况下。