Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic lymphoid formations that form within nonlymphoid tissue. They share structural and functional characteristics with secondary lymphoid structures such as lymph nodes and can contain B-cell follicles and germinal centers surrounded by a T-cell region. TLS have been described in several types of cancers and are usually associated with positive patient outcomes. However, TLS differ vastly in cellular composition and location within tissue types. In this review, we discuss factors confounding the interpretation of the evidence for a prognostic role for TLS in cancer and frame these factors in the context of translation to regular clinical use.

中文翻译：

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癌症中的三级淋巴结构-患者预后的考虑因素。

三级淋巴结构（TLS）是在非淋巴组织内形成的异位淋巴结构。它们与二级淋巴样结构（例如淋巴结）共享结构和功能特征，并可能包含B细胞滤泡和被T细胞区域包围的生发中心。TLS在几种类型的癌症中都有描述，通常与患者的阳性结果相关。但是，TLS在组织类型内的细胞组成和位置方面存在很大差异。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了混淆TLS对癌症预后作用的证据解释的因素，并在将其转换为常规临床应用的背景下对这些因素进行了框架化。