ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to determine the efficacy of arecoline hydrobromide against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Larval packet test (LPT) was performed on larvae produced from collected ticks. Adult immersion test (AIT) was performed to determine live tick weight, the mortality of ticks, and inhibition of oviposition and hatching after arecoline application. Arecoline was taken in different concentrations (i.e. 0.1, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 mg/mL) to evaluate its acaricidal activity. The result of LPT exhibited 100% mortality of larvae at 12.5 mg/mL concentration of arecoline. AIT results showed that arecoline caused 87.90% mortality in its highest dose, reduction of egg weight (0.031 g) and excessively reduced hatch rates (2.03%) in ticks as compared to the control group. The level of protective enzymes (SOD and GST) was found to decrease when a reduction in the activity of MAO and AChE enzymes were achieved. It can be concluded from the study that arecoline possess significant acaricidal and oxidative stress-inducing activities in the cattle tick R. microplus. It can be developed as an herbal acaricide in place of synthetic drugs that harm living beings and the environment.

中文翻译：

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氢溴酸槟榔碱对牛蜱 Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus 的功效

摘要 本研究的目的是确定氢溴酸槟榔碱对 Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus 的疗效。对收集的蜱产生的幼虫进行幼虫包测试 (LPT)。进行成人浸泡试验 (AIT) 以确定活蜱的重量、蜱的死亡率以及应用槟榔碱后对产卵和孵化的抑制。以不同浓度（即0.1、0.5、1.5、2.5 5、7.5、10和12.5mg/mL）服用槟榔碱以评估其杀螨活性。LPT 的结果表明，在 12.5 mg/mL 的槟榔碱浓度下，幼虫的死亡率为 100%。AIT 结果显示，与对照组相比，槟榔碱在其最高剂量下导致 87.90% 的死亡率、蛋重降低 (0.031 g) 和蜱孵化率 (2.03%) 过度降低。当 MAO 和 AChE 酶的活性降低时，发现保护性酶（SOD 和 GST）的水平降低。从研究中可以得出结论，槟榔碱在牛蜱 R. microplus 中具有显着的杀螨和氧化应激诱导活性。它可以开发为一种草药杀螨剂，以替代危害生物和环境的合成药物。