Background One of the most common medical problems associated with pregnancy is hypertension. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), which has been attributable to abnormal placentation may have adverse effects on both mother and foetus if left unchecked. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP), the morphological variations of human placenta in HDP, and maternal and perinatal outcomes in HDP. Materials and Methods This was a prospective case-control study, conducted at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Ghana. The progression of pregnancy in normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women, and the eventual perinatal outcomes were closely followed. Statistical analysis was performed using IMB-SPSS version 23. Associations were considered significant at p values of ≤ 0.05. Results From a total of 214 deliveries recorded during the period of study, 84 (39.25%) were hypertensives. Forty four (52%) of the hypertensives had preeclampsia, 28 (33.3%) had gestational hypertension, 6 (7.1%) had eclampsia, 4 (4.8%) had chronic hypertension, and 2 (2.4%) had preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension. The frequency of placental haematoma, placental infarction, and placental calcification in the normotensives were significantly (p=0.001) lower than that of the hypertensives. The mean placental weight (p = 0.01), placental volume (p = 0.001), placental diameter (p = 0.03), and placental thickness (p = 0.001) of the normotensives were significantly higher than those of the hypertensives. The number of normotensives in whom labour was induced, who had their babies delivered by caesarean section, and who were admitted after they had given birth were significantly (p=0.001) lower than that of hypertensives who underwent similar procedures. No stillbirths were recorded in the normotensives compared with four in the hypertensives. The number of babies delivered to the normotensives who were admitted to the NICU was significantly (p=0.001) lower than those delivered by hypertensives. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the study site. The condition adversely affected placental development and perinatal outcomes. These adverse effects can be curtailed by embarking on a vigorous health education drive.

中文翻译：

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Komfo Anokye教学医院患有妊娠高血压疾病的妇女的患病率，胎盘发育和围产期结局

背景技术与妊娠有关的最常见医学问题之一是高血压。如果不加以检查，可归因于异常胎盘的妊娠高血压疾病（HDP）可能对母亲和胎儿都有不利影响。这项研究的目的是确定妊娠高血压病（HDP）的患病率，HDP中人胎盘的形态学变异以及HDP中的孕妇和围产期结局。材料和方法这是在加纳的Komfo Anokye教学医院（KATH）进行的前瞻性病例对照研究。血压正常和高血压孕妇的妊娠进展以及最终的围产期结局均密切关注。使用IMB-SPSS 23版进行统计分析。p值≤0.05时，关联被认为是显着的。结果在研究期间记录的总共214例分娩中，有84例（39.25％）为高血压。高血压中有四十四（52％）患有先兆子痫，妊娠高血压有28（33.3％），先兆子痫有6（7.1％），慢性高血压有4（4.8％），子痫前期有2（2.4％）并发慢性高血压。血压正常者的胎盘血肿，胎盘梗塞和胎盘钙化的发生率显着低于高血压患者（p = 0.001）。正常血压组的平均胎盘重量（p = 0.01），胎盘体积（p = 0.001），胎盘直径（p = 0.03）和胎盘厚度（p = 0.001）均显着高于高血压组。引产，通过剖腹产分娩婴儿的血压正常人的数量，并且出生后被收治的患者比接受类似手术的高血压患者的患病率显着降低（p = 0.001）。在正常血压中没有死胎，而在高血压中则没有死胎。降压后进入新生儿重症监护病房的婴儿数量显着（p = 0.001）低于高血压患者。结论研究地点的妊娠高血压病患病率很高。该病对胎盘发育和围产期结局有不利影响。通过开展有力的健康教育运动，可以减少这些不利影响。在正常血压中没有死产，而在高血压中则没有死产。降压后进入新生儿重症监护病房的婴儿数量显着（p = 0.001）低于高血压患者。结论研究地点的妊娠高血压病患病率很高。该病对胎盘发育和围产期结局有不利影响。通过开展有力的健康教育运动，可以减少这些不利影响。在正常血压中没有死胎，而在高血压中则没有死胎。降压后进入新生儿重症监护病房的婴儿数量显着（p = 0.001）低于高血压患者。结论研究地点的妊娠高血压病患病率很高。该病对胎盘发育和围产期结局有不利影响。通过开展有力的健康教育运动，可以减少这些不利影响。