Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Its pathogenesis involves the hallmark aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ). Of all the Aβ oligomers formed in the brain, Aβ42 has been found to be the most toxic and aggressive. Despite this, the mechanism behind this disease remains elusive. With the ability to utilize various genetic manipulations, Drosophila melanogaster is ideal in analysing not only cellular characteristics, but also physiological and behavioural traits of human neurodegenerative diseases. Danshen water extract (DWE), obtained from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, was found to have a vast array of beneficial properties. In this study, DWE, and its major components, Salvianolic acid A (SalA) and Salvianolic acid B (SalB) were tested for their abilities to ameliorate Aβ42's effects. DWE, SalA and SalB were confirmed to be able to reduce fibrillation of Aβ42. As Aβ42 causes neurodegeneration on neurons, DWE, SalA and SalB were tested on Aβ42-treated PC12 neuronal cells and were shown to increase cell viability. DWE and its components were then tested on the Drosophila melanogaster AD model and their rescue effects were further characterized. When human Aβ42 was expressed, the Drosophila exhibited degenerated eye structures known as the rough eye phenotype (REP), reduced lifespan and deteriorated locomotor ability. Administration of DWE, SalA and SalB partially reverted the REP, increased the age of AD Drosophila and improved most of the mobility of AD Drosophila. In conclusion, DWE and its components may have therapeutic potential for AD patients and possibly other forms of brain diseases.

中文翻译：

---

丹参，丹酚酸A和丹酚酸B对阿尔茨海默氏病PC12神经元细胞和果蝇果蝇模型的缓解作用。

阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）是世界范围内最常见的神经退行性疾病形式。它的发病机制涉及淀粉样β（Aβ）的标志性聚集。在大脑中形成的所有Aβ低聚物中，Aβ42被认为是最具毒性和攻击性的。尽管如此，这种疾病背后的机制仍然难以捉摸。果蝇具有利用各种遗传操作的能力，不仅是分析人类神经退行性疾病的细胞特征，而且还分析生理和行为特征的理想选择。从丹参根中提取的丹参水提取物（DWE）邦奇（Bunge）被发现具有多种有益的特性。在这项研究中，测试了DWE及其主要成分丹酚酸A（SalA）和丹酚酸B（SalB）改善Aβ42作用的能力。证实DWE，SalA和SalB能够减少Aβ42的原纤化。由于Aβ42导致神经元发生神经变性，因此在Aβ42处理的PC12神经元细胞上测试了DWE，SalA和SalB，并证明它们可增加细胞活力。然后在果蝇AD模型上测试了DWE及其组分，并进一步表征了其救援效果。当表达人Aβ42时，果蝇表现出退化的眼睛结构，称为粗糙眼表型（REP），寿命缩短和运动能力下降。DWE，撒拉和丹酚酸B的管理部分恢复的REP，增加AD的年龄果蝇和改善大多数AD的流动性的果蝇。总之，DWE及其组分可能对AD患者以及其他形式的脑部疾病具有治疗潜力。