Vernalization accelerates flowering after prolonged winter cold. Transcriptional and epigenetic changes are known to be involved in the regulation of the vernalization response. Despite intensive applications of next‐generation sequencing in diverse aspects of plant research, genome‐wide transcriptome and epigenome profiling during the vernalization response has not been conducted. In this work, to our knowledge, we present the first comprehensive analyses of transcriptomic and epigenomic dynamics during the vernalization process in Arabidopsis thaliana. Six major clusters of genes exhibiting distinctive features were identified. Temporary changes in histone H3K4me3 levels were observed that likely coordinate photosynthesis and prevent oxidative damage during cold exposure. In addition, vernalization induced a stable accumulation of H3K27me3 over genes encoding many development‐related transcription factors, which resulted in either inhibition of transcription or a bivalent status of the genes. Lastly, FLC‐like and VIN3‐like genes were identified that appear to be novel components of the vernalization pathway.

中文翻译：

---

拟南芥春化的转录组和表观基因组分析。

经过长时间的冬季寒冷，春化加速开花。已知转录和表观遗传变化参与春化反应的调节。尽管新一代测序在植物研究的各个方面得到了广泛应用，但尚未在春化反应期间进行全基因组转录组和表观基因组分析。在这项工作中，据我们所知，我们首次全面分析了拟南芥春化过程中的转录组学和表观基因组动力学. 鉴定了表现出独特特征的六个主要基因簇。观察到组蛋白 H3K4me3 水平的暂时变化可能协调光合作用并防止冷暴露期间的氧化损伤。此外，春化诱导 H3K27me3 在编码许多发育相关转录因子的基因上稳定积累，导致转录抑制或基因的二价状态。最后，鉴定了FLC样和VIN3样基因，它们似乎是春化途径的新组成部分。