Modeling the space weather conditions for a near‐Earth environment depends on a proper representation of magnetic fields on the Sun. There are discussions in the community with respect to the value of observations taken at several Lagrangian points (L₁–L₅) in the Sun‐Earth system. Observations from a single (e.g., Earth/L₁) vantage point are insufficient to characterize rapid changes in magnetic field on the far side of the Sun. Nor can they represent well the magnetic fields near the solar poles. However, if the changes in sunspot activity were moderate, how well would our predictions of the solar wind based on a single viewing point work? How much improvement could we see by adding magnetograph observations from L₅, L₄, and even L₃? Here, we present the results of our recent modeling, which shows the level of improvement in forecasting the properties of the solar wind at Earth made possible by using additional observations from different vantage points during a period of moderate evolution of sunspot activity. As an example, we also show the improvements to the solar wind forecast from adding a single observation of the southern polar area from out‐of‐ecliptic spacecraft at −30° heliographic latitude vantage point.

中文翻译：

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太阳地球系统中不同拉格朗日点的额外磁图观测对准静态太阳风在1 AU预测特性的影响

对近地球环境的空间天气条件进行建模取决于对太阳磁场的正确表示。关于日地系统中在几个拉格朗日点（L ₁ –L ₅）上获得的观测值的价值，社区进行了讨论。从单个（例如Earth / L ₁）有利位置进行的观察不足以表征太阳远处磁场的快速变化。它们也不能很好地表示太阳极附近的磁场。但是，如果太阳黑子活动的变化适度，那么基于单个观察点的太阳风预测效果如何？通过增加L ₅，L _4的磁图观测值，我们可以看到多少改进，甚至L ₃？在这里，我们介绍了我们最近建模的结果，该结果显示了在太阳黑子活动适度演变的时期内，通过使用来自不同有利位置的其他观察结果，可以预测地球太阳风的性质有所改善。例如，我们还展示了对日风预报的改进，方法是在-30°仰角纬度有利位置对黄道外航天器进行一次南极区域观测。