Electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) to formate is economically viable considering the energy input and market value. Through learning nature, a series of chloroplast-like porous bismuth-based core–shell (CPBC) materials have been designed. In these materials, the porous carbon can enrich and transfer CO₂ to the core–shell Bi@Bi₂O₃ in CO₂ reduction process, during which Bi₂O₃ layer can be transformed into activated metastable layer to efficiently convert CO₂ into formate and Bi can provide abundant electrons. Based on this, superior performances for most of important parameters in CO₂RR can be achieved and best of them, CPBC-1 presents remarkable Faradaic efficiency (FE_formate > 94%) over a wide potential range (−0.65 to −1.0 V) with high catalysis durability (>72 h). Noteworthy, its maximum energy efficiency is as high as 76.7% at −0.7 V, the highest one in reported bismuth-based materials. This work opens novel perspectives in designing nature-inspired CO₂RR electrocatalysts.

考虑到能量输入和市场价值，通过电化学 CO ₂还原反应 (CO ₂ RR) 生成甲酸盐在经济上是可行的。通过学习自然，设计了一系列类叶绿体多孔铋基核壳（CPBC）材料。在这些材料中，多孔碳可以在 CO ₂还原过程中将 CO 2 富集并转移到核壳 Bi@Bi 2 O 3 中，在此过程中 Bi ₂ O ₃层_可以转化为_活化的亚稳层，从而有效地将 CO ₂转化为甲酸盐和Bi可以提供丰富的电子。基于此，CO 中大多数重要参数的优越性能₂ RR 可以实现，其中最好的是，CPBC-1 在宽电位范围（-0.65 至 -1.0 V）和高催化耐久性（>72 小时）内表现出显着的法拉第效率（FE_甲酸盐> 94%）。值得注意的是，其最大能效在-0.7 V时高达76.7%，是报道的铋基材料中最高的。这项工作为设计受自然启发的 CO ₂ RR 电催化剂开辟了新的视角。