Macromolecular materials of natural origin, like cellulose, provide attractive alternatives to synthetic polymers for numerous applications. These advantages are related to the renewable and bio-based resources that are used to obtain cellulosic materials. Additionally, their intrinsic hydrophilicity, biodegradability, chemical similarity to soft matter in the living organisms, and the rich chemistry one can employ to modify their structure, and thus properties, provide other benefits. Due to the hydrophilicity of cellulosic materials, they possess complementary functions to petroleum-based plastics. When cellulosic materials are endowed with controlled (micro)porous structures, a range of hitherto unattainable applications become feasible due to the combined advantages of controlled porosity, high surface-to-volume ratio, and intrinsic materials properties of cellulose and its derivatives such as the high density of hydroxyl groups available for chemical modifications. (Micro)porous cellulosic materials with precisely engineered pore morphology have been employed as matrices to uptake molecular guests, catalyst support, filters in separation, carriers for delivery of therapeutic and cosmetic agents, scaffolds in regenerative medicine, and thermal insulation materials. This review provides an update of cellulosic porous materials with a focus on the selected application areas, related to the environment, energy and health.

天然来源的高分子材料（例如纤维素）为合成聚合物提供了诱人的替代品，可用于多种应用。这些优势与用于获取纤维素材料的可再生和生物基资源有关。另外，它们固有的亲水性，可生物降解性，与生物有机体中的软物质的化学相似性以及丰富的化学物质可以用来修饰其结构，从而提供其他好处。由于纤维素材料的亲水性，它们具有与石油基塑料互补的功能。当纤维素材料具有受控的（微）孔结构时，由于孔隙率受控，表面积/体积比高，纤维素及其衍生物的固有材料特性，例如可用于化学修饰的高密度羟基。具有精确设计的孔形态的（微）多孔纤维素材料已被用作基质来吸收分子客体，催化剂载体，分离器中的过滤器，用于输送治疗剂和美容剂的载体，再生医学中的支架以及隔热材料。这篇综述提供了纤维素多孔材料的更新，重点是与环境，能源和健康有关的所选应用领域。具有精确设计的孔形态的（微）多孔纤维素材料已被用作基质来吸收分子客体，催化剂载体，分离器中的过滤器，用于输送治疗剂和美容剂的载体，再生医学中的支架以及隔热材料。这篇综述提供了纤维素多孔材料的更新，重点是与环境，能源和健康有关的所选应用领域。具有精确设计的孔形态的（微）多孔纤维素材料已被用作基质来吸收分子客体，催化剂载体，分离器中的过滤器，用于输送治疗剂和美容剂的载体，用于再生医学的支架以及隔热材料。这篇综述提供了纤维素多孔材料的更新，重点是与环境，能源和健康有关的所选应用领域。