Recent research on the health impacts of added sugar has prompted the comparison of the effects of its 2 major components: glucose and fructose. Fructose was identified as a risk factor for obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, because of the differences in metabolic responses and responsivity of reward circuitry to palatable food, it is unknown if glucose and fructose induce similar appetite-related responses in humans with varying weights. This study compared the behavioral responses to food in young women of a healthy weight (n = 31) and with excess weight (n = 28). We hypothesized that (1) the inhibitory effect of glucose (vs fructose) on food-related responses would be greater in subjects of a healthy weight than in those with overweight/obesity and (2) subjects with overweight/obesity would exhibit a stronger preference for food than subjects with a healthy weight. After an overnight fast, the subjects ingested a glucose or equienergetic fructose beverage on 2 separate days, respectively. Then, they completed liking and wanting ratings and 2 decision-making tasks followed by ad libitum food intake. The results revealed that fructose reduced both liking and wanting for food in subjects with overweight/obesity and also decreased energy intake in all subjects. Relative to the healthy-weight group, subjects with overweight/obesity preferred the immediate reward. Moreover, only in the healthy-weight group were liking and wanting scores for food positively associated with actual food consumption. Overall, fructose (vs glucose) showed an acute inhibitory effect on appetite-related responses in subjects with excess weight.

中文翻译：

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果糖与葡萄糖相比，减少了年轻女性对高热量食物的喜好/渴望和随后的摄入量

最近关于添加糖对健康影响的研究促使人们比较了其 2 个主要成分的影响：葡萄糖和果糖。果糖被确定为肥胖和代谢综合征的危险因素。然而，由于代谢反应和奖赏回路对可口食物的反应存在差异，因此不知道葡萄糖和果糖是否会在不同体重的人类中引起类似的食欲相关反应。本研究比较了健康体重 (n = 31) 和超重 (n = 28) 的年轻女性对食物的行为反应。我们假设 (1) 葡萄糖（相对于果糖）对食物相关反应的抑制作用在健康体重的受试者中比在超重/肥胖的受试者中更大，并且 (2) 超重/肥胖的受试者将表现出更强的偏好与健康体重的受试者相比。禁食过夜后，受试者分别在 2 天分别摄入葡萄糖或等能量果糖饮料。然后，他们完成了喜欢和想要评分和 2 项决策任务，然后是随意进食。结果表明，果糖减少了超重/肥胖受试者对食物的喜欢和渴望，并且还减少了所有受试者的能量摄入。相对于健康体重组，超重/肥胖的受试者更喜欢即时奖励。而且，只有健康体重组喜欢和想要与实际食物消耗呈正相关的食物分数。总体而言，果糖（相对于葡萄糖）对超重受试者的食欲相关反应具有急性抑制作用。