Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. PD is characterized by motor dysfunctions as well as non-motor disorders. Orexin (also known as hypocretin) is a kind of neuropeptide involved in the regulation of motor control, the sleep/wake cycle, learning and memory, gastric motility and respiratory function. Several lines of evidence suggest that the orexinergic system is involved in the manifestations of PD, especially the non-motor disorders. Recent studies have revealed the protective actions and potential therapeutic applications of orexin in both cellular and animal models of PD. Here we present a brief overview of the involvement of the orexinergic system in PD, including the pathological changes in the lateral hypothalamus, the loss of orexinergic neurons and the fluctuation of orexin levels in CSF. Furthermore, we also review the neuroprotective effects of orexin in cellular and animal models of PD.

中文翻译：

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食欲素和帕金森病：具有治疗潜力的保护性神经肽。

帕金森病 (PD) 是由黑质致密部中多巴胺能神经元进行性丧失引起的第二大最常见的神经退行性疾病。PD 的特征是运动功能障碍以及非运动障碍。Orexin（也称为hypocretin）是一种参与调节运动控制、睡眠/觉醒周期、学习和记忆、胃动力和呼吸功能的神经肽。若干证据表明，食欲素能系统与 PD 的表现有关，尤其是非运动障碍。最近的研究揭示了食欲素在 PD 细胞和动物模型中的保护作用和潜在的治疗应用。在这里，我们简要概述了食欲素能​​系统在 PD 中的作用，包括下丘脑外侧的病理变化、食欲神经元的丢失和脑脊液中食欲素水平的波动。此外，我们还回顾了食欲素在 PD 细胞和动物模型中的神经保护作用。