Evolution of Sri Lanka's Giant Danios (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Devario): Teasing apart species in a recent diversification.,Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Evolution of Sri Lanka's Giant Danios (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Devario): Teasing apart species in a recent diversification.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106853
Hiranya Sudasinghe ₁ , Rohan Pethiyagoda ₂ , Madhava Meegaskumbura ₃

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The small, colourful freshwater fishes of the cyprinid genus Devario are among the many vertebrate groups that appear to have diversified on Sri Lanka, a continental Indian Ocean island, which is part of the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka Biodiversity Hotspot. Despite Sri Lanka having been connected with India via a wide isthmus intermittently until the Plio-Pleistocene and almost continuously since then, during sea-level low-stands, the number of species of Devario on Sri Lanka is comparable with that on the Indian Peninsula, some 25 times its size. Here, from a sampling of 27 Devario populations across Sri Lanka's major river basins and climatic zones, we present and analyze a phylogeny based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data. We show that five species of Devario occur on the island, all but one of which are endemic: Devario malabaricus is widespread throughout the lowlands and parts of central hills of Sri Lanka and southern India. A new narrow-range endemic, here described as D. memorialis sp. nov., was discovered in a remnant rainforest habitat at Aranayake (Ma Oya basin) in this study. It is immediately distinguished from Sri Lankan congeners by having only 8 (vs 9-12) branched dorsal-fin rays and by uncorrected pairwise genetic distances of more than 4.0% and 7.8% for cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and cytochrome b, respectively. Our results provide strong support for the monophyly of the entire Sri Lankan diversification of Devario. Divergence-timing analysis suggests the common ancestor dispersed to the island in the late Miocene, with the insular diversification in the island's south-western wet zone taking place during the Plio-pleistocene. There are signs of gene flow between the Indian and Sri Lankan populations of D. malabaricus until the late Pleistocene. Phylogenetic and haplotype-network analyses suggest basin-centric phylogeographic structure within the endemic species; D. malabaricus, however, shows little such structure in the island. Molecular and morphological analyses failed to identify D. annnataliae and D. udenii confidently as distinct species: they are considered synonyms of D. micronema. The morphological variation observed within D. micronema is likely attributable to polymorphism. The discordance between the mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies for some samples of Devario in the present study suggest signs of mitochondrial introgression.

中文翻译：

斯里兰卡大鳄的进化（Teleostei：Cyprinidae：Devario）：在最近的多样化中取笑物种。

塞浦路斯属德瓦里奥（Devario）属的彩色小淡水鱼是斯里兰卡西部印度洋岛-斯里兰卡生物多样性热点地区斯里兰卡的一个多样化的脊椎动物群体之一。尽管斯里兰卡在上古更新世之前断断续续地通过广阔的地峡与印度连接，此后几乎连续不断，但在海平面低位期间，斯里兰卡的德瓦里奥的物种数量与印度半岛的物种数量相当，大约是其大小的25倍。在这里，我们从斯里兰卡主要河流流域和气候带的27个Devario种群中取样，根据线粒体和核DNA数据展示并分析了系统发育。我们显示岛上有5种天牛，除了其中一种是特有的：Devario malabaricus遍布斯里兰卡和印度南部的低地和中部丘陵的部分地区。一种新的窄范围流行病，在这里被称为D. Memorialis sp。这项研究是在Aranayake（马奥亚盆地）的一个残余雨林栖息地中发现的11月。它立即与斯里兰卡同类动物区别开来，仅具有8条（对比9-12条）分支的背鳍射线，细胞色素c氧化酶亚基1和细胞色素b的未校正成对遗传距离分别超过4.0％和7.8％。我们的结果为整个斯里兰卡Devario多元化的一面性提供了有力的支持。发散时序分析表明，中新世晚期该共同祖先散布到该岛，而该岛西南部湿润带的岛状多样化发生在上新世。在晚更新世之前，印度和斯里兰卡的马拉巴丁香种群之间存在基因流动的迹象。系统发育和单倍型网络分析表明特有物种内以盆地为中心的系统地理结构。然而，D。malabaricus在岛上几乎没有这种结构。分子和形态学分析未能可靠地将D. annnataliae和D. udenii可靠地鉴定为不同物种：它们被视为D. micronema的同义词。在D. micronema内观察到的形态变化可能归因于多态性。本研究中某些Devario样品的线粒体和核系统发育之间的不一致表明线粒体渗入的迹象。系统发育和单倍型网络分析表明特有物种内以盆地为中心的系统地理结构。然而，D。malabaricus在岛上几乎没有这种结构。分子和形态学分析未能可靠地将D. annnataliae和D. udenii可靠地鉴定为不同物种：它们被认为是D. micronema的同义词。在D. micronema内观察到的形态变化可能归因于多态性。本研究中某些Devario样品的线粒体和核系统发育之间的不一致表明线粒体渗入的迹象。系统发育和单倍型网络分析表明特有物种内以盆地为中心的系统地理结构。然而，D。malabaricus在岛上几乎没有这种结构。分子和形态学分析未能可靠地将D. annnataliae和D. udenii可靠地鉴定为不同物种：它们被认为是D. micronema的同义词。在D. micronema内观察到的形态变化可能归因于多态性。本研究中某些Devario样品的线粒体和核系统发育之间的不一致表明线粒体渗入的迹象。安纳氏菌和D. udenii无疑是不同的物种：它们被认为是D. micronema的同义词。在D. micronema内观察到的形态变化可能归因于多态性。本研究中某些Devario样品的线粒体和核系统发育之间的不一致表明线粒体渗入的迹象。安纳氏菌和D. udenii无疑是不同的物种：它们被认为是D. micronema的同义词。在D. micronema内观察到的形态变化可能归因于多态性。本研究中某些Devario样品的线粒体和核系统发育之间的不一致表明线粒体渗入的迹象。

更新日期：2020-05-15

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