To develope a colored realistic AVM model using three-dimensional (3D) printing for surgical planning and research. Raw computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) data were integrated and used for reconstruction. Each AVM model included the nidus, the feeding arteries, the draining veins, the sinuses, the adjacent principal arteries, and the skull. The models were employed to plan surgical and endovascular treatments. Surgical feedback was obtained using a survey. Five AVM cases were included. The AVMs and the models thereof did not differ significantly in terms of length, width, or height, as measured via magnetic resonance imaging (all p > 0.05). The 3D AVM models were thus accurate. The overall score on the questionnaire survey was >4 point; the model thus aided the planning of interventional surgery. All surgeons were confident that the 3D models reflected the true lesional boundaries. Our 3D-printed intracranial AVM models were accurate, and can be used for preoperative planning and training of residents. The models improved surgeons’ understanding of AVM structure, reducing operative time.

利用三维（3D）打印技术开发彩色逼真的AVM模型，以进行外科手术计划和研究。原始计算机断层扫描血管造影（CTA）和磁共振静脉造影（MRV）数据已整合并用于重建。每种AVM模型都包括股动脉，食道，引流静脉，鼻窦，相邻的主动脉和颅骨。该模型用于计划手术和血管内治疗。通过调查获得手术反馈。包括五个AVM案例。通过磁共振成像测量，AVM及其模型的长度，宽度或高度没有显着差异（所有p> 0.05）。因此，3D AVM模型是准确的。问卷调查的总分> 4分；该模型因此有助于介入手术的计划。所有外科医生都相信3D模型能够反映出真正的病灶边界。我们的3D打印颅内AVM模型准确无误，可用于居民的术前计划和培训。这些模型改善了外科医生对AVM结构的了解，减少了手术时间。