Abstract In this study mixture of copper phosphate and melamine phosphate (CUMP) was introduced into high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and examined. The thermal effects of the developed materials were analysed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The reaction to fire of the HDPE with a developed flame retardant (FR) was determined by cone calorimetry (CC). The microstructure of the samples and char residues after the CC tests were assessed with a scaning electron microscope (SEM). Moreover, the analysis of volatile products evolved during the thermal degradation and burning was performed using TGA (TGA/FT-IR), as well as steady state tube furnace (Purser/FT-IR), both coupled with FT-IR. It was found that the presence of copper catalyzes the degradation process, which may have a beneficial impact on char formation. Degradation in lower temperature range allows shorter hydrocarbon chains to undergo the cyclization process forming more complex aromatic structures, which are significantly more thermally stable and contribute to the formation of the char layer. PE/CUMP formed more char compared to the PE as well as PE with comercial FR. However, some disadvantages regarding smoke emission, connected with long smoldering time, were observed.

中文翻译：

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磷酸铜和磷酸三聚氰胺混合物作为新型阻燃剂的聚乙烯的热性能和防火性能

摘要 在本研究中，将磷酸铜和磷酸三聚氰胺 (CUMP) 的混合物引入高密度聚乙烯 (HDPE) 并进行了检测。使用差示扫描量热法 (DSC)、动态机械热分析 (DMTA) 以及热重分析 (TGA) 分析了所开发材料的热效应。具有开发的阻燃剂 (FR) 的 HDPE 对火的反应通过锥形量热法 (CC) 确定。用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 评估 CC 测试后样品和炭残留物的微观结构。此外，使用 TGA (TGA/FT-IR) 以及稳态管式炉 (Purser/FT-IR) 对热降解和燃烧过程中产生的挥发性产物进行分析，两者均与 FT-IR 结合使用。发现铜的存在催化了降解过程，这可能对炭的形成产生有益的影响。在较低温度范围内降解允许较短的烃链进行环化过程，形成更复杂的芳香结构，这些结构具有明显更高的热稳定性并有助于形成炭层。与 PE 以及具有商业 FR 的 PE 相比，PE/CUMP 形成更多的炭。然而，观察到一些与烟气排放相关的缺点，与阴燃时间长有关。它们具有明显更高的热稳定性并有助于形成炭层。与 PE 以及具有商业 FR 的 PE 相比，PE/CUMP 形成更多的炭。然而，观察到一些与烟气排放相关的缺点，与阴燃时间长有关。它们具有明显更高的热稳定性并有助于形成炭层。与 PE 以及具有商业 FR 的 PE 相比，PE/CUMP 形成更多的炭。然而，观察到一些与烟气排放相关的缺点，与阴燃时间长有关。