Patterned vegetation is a characteristic feature of many dryland ecosystems. While plant densities on the ecosystem-wide scale are typically low, a spatial self-organisation principle leads to the occurrence of alternating patches of high biomass and patches of bare soil. Nevertheless, intraspecific competition dynamics other than competition for water over long spatial scales are commonly ignored in mathematical models for vegetation patterns. In this chapter, I address the impact of local intraspecific competition on a modelling framework for banded vegetation patterns. Firstly, I show that in the context of a single-species model, neglecting local intraspecific competition leads to an overestimation of a patterned ecosystem's resilience to increases in aridity. Secondly, in the context of a multispecies model, I argue that local intraspecific competition is a key element in the successful capture of species coexistence in model solutions representing a vegetation pattern. For both models, a detailed bifurcation analysis is presented to analyse the onset, existence and stability of patterns. Besides the strengths of local intraspecific competition, also the the difference between two species has a significant impact on the bifurcation structure, providing crucial insights into the complex ecosystem dynamics. Predictions on future ecosystem dynamics presented in this chapter, especially on pattern onset and pattern stability, can aid the development of conservation programs.

中文翻译：

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植被模式模型中的种内竞争：干旱适应力下降和物种共存便利化

有图案的植被是许多旱地生态系统的特征。虽然整个生态系统范围内的植物密度通常较低，但空间自组织原理导致高生物量斑块和裸土斑块交替出现。然而，在植被模式的数学模型中，除了长空间尺度上的水竞争之外，种内竞争动态通常被忽略。在本章中，我将讨论当地种内竞争对带状植被模式建模框架的影响。首先，我表明，在单一物种模型的背景下，忽视当地的种内竞争会导致高估模式生态系统对干旱增加的恢复能力。其次，在多物种模型的背景下，我认为，当地种内竞争是在代表植被模式的模型解决方案中成功捕获物种共存的关键因素。对于这两种模型，都提供了详细的分叉分析来分析模式的发生、存在和稳定性。除了局部种内竞争的优势外，两个物种之间的差异也对分叉结构产生重大影响，为复杂的生态系统动力学提供了重要的见解。本章提出的对未来生态系统动态的预测，尤其是对模式开始和模式稳定性的预测，可以帮助保护计划的发展。提出了详细的分叉分析来分析模式的发生、存在和稳定性。除了局部种内竞争的优势外，两个物种之间的差异也对分叉结构产生重大影响，为复杂的生态系统动力学提供了重要的见解。本章提出的对未来生态系统动态的预测，尤其是对模式开始和模式稳定性的预测，可以帮助保护计划的发展。提出了详细的分叉分析来分析模式的发生、存在和稳定性。除了局部种内竞争的优势外，两个物种之间的差异也对分叉结构产生重大影响，为复杂的生态系统动力学提供了重要的见解。本章提出的对未来生态系统动态的预测，尤其是对模式开始和模式稳定性的预测，可以帮助保护计划的发展。