Immune-inflammatory, metabolic, oxidative, and nitrosative stress (IMO&NS) pathways and, consequently, neurotoxicity are involved in acute ischemic stroke (IS). The simultaneous assessment of multiple IMO&NS biomarkers may be useful to predict IS and its prognosis. The aim of this study was to identify the IMO&NS biomarkers, which predict short-term IS outcome. The study included 176 IS patients and 176 healthy controls. Modified Rankin scale (mRS) was applied within 8 h after IS (baseline) and 3 months later (endpoint). Blood samples were obtained within 24 h after hospital admission. IS was associated with increased white blood cell (WBC) counts, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL-6), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), homocysteine, ferritin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), glucose, insulin, and lowered iron, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. We found that 89.4% of the IS patients may be correctly classified using the cumulative effects of male sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), glucose, NOx, LOOH, 25(OH)D, IL-6, and WBC with sensitivity of 86.2% and specificity of 93.0%. Moreover, increased baseline disability (mRS ≥ 3) was associated with increased ferritin, IL-6, hsCRP, WBC, ESR, and glucose. We found that 25.0% of the variance in the 3-month endpoint (mRS) was explained by the regression on glucose, ESR, age (all positively), and HDL-cholesterol, and 25(OH)D (both negatively). These results show that the cumulative effects of IMO&NS biomarkers are associated with IS and predict a poor outcome at 3-month follow-up.

中文翻译：

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免疫炎性，代谢性，氧化性和亚硝化应激生物标志物可预测急性缺血性卒中和短期结果。

急性缺血性中风（IS）涉及免疫炎症，代谢，氧化和亚硝化应激（IMO＆NS）途径，因此神经毒性。同时评估多种IMO＆NS生物标志物可能有助于预测IS及其预后。这项研究的目的是确定可预测短期IS结果的IMO＆NS生物标志物。该研究包括176名IS患者和176名健康对照。在IS（基线）后8 h和3个月后（终点）应用改良的Rankin量表（mRS）。入院后24小时内取血样。IS与白细胞（WBC）计数增加，高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP），白介素（IL-6），脂质氢过氧化物（LOOHs），一氧化氮代谢产物（NOx），高半胱氨酸，铁蛋白，红细胞沉降率有关（ESR），葡萄糖，胰岛素和降低的铁，25-羟基维生素D [25（OH）D]，总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇。我们发现89.4％的IS患者可以使用男性，收缩压（SBP），葡萄糖，NOx，LOOH，25（OH）D，IL-6和WBC的累积效应正确分类，敏感性为86.2 ％，特异性为93.0％。此外，基线残疾增加（mRS≥3）与铁蛋白，IL-6，hsCRP，WBC，ESR和葡萄糖增加有关。我们发现3个月终点（mRS）中25.0％的方差由葡萄糖，ESR，年龄（均为正值），HDL-胆固醇和25（OH）D（均为负值）的回归来解释。这些结果表明，IMO＆NS生物标志物的累积效应与IS相关，并预测3个月的随访结果差。