Agriculture and urbanisation, the two forms of land use, represent serious threats to the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems, especially in the case of small streams at low altitudes. In this study, 75 Hungarian streams were analysed to explore the effects of these land use types on the composition of benthic diatom communities and their richness. In the Carpathian region, species and trait composition, as well as species richness, varied primarily according to the local environmental variables followed by the shared effects of the environmental factors and land use types. At the same time, functional richness was chiefly explained by the pure effects of land use. However, the difference in trait composition between areas dominated by forest (low profile guild, small cell size) and agriculture (motile ecological guilds with middle size, linear-lanceolate shape) was obvious. Higher proportion of water and artificial surfaces might support the spread of diatom species with specific traits: low profile guild with a slightly elongated outline. Nevertheless, no effect of urbanisation on the set of traits, species composition and richness was detected at either local or catchment scale, which might be due to the relatively small portion of artificial surfaces in the watersheds as a whole.

中文翻译：

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土地利用对河流的影响：底栖硅藻的传统和功能分析

农业和城市化这两种土地利用形式对水生生态系统的生态状况构成严重威胁，特别是在低海拔的小溪流的情况下。在这项研究中，对 75 条匈牙利河流进行了分析，以探索这些土地利用类型对底栖硅藻群落组成及其丰富度的影响。在喀尔巴阡地区，物种和性状组成以及物种丰富度主要根据当地环境变量而变化，其次是环境因素和土地利用类型的共同影响。同时，功能丰富性主要由土地利用的纯效应来解释。然而，以森林为主的地区（低矮的行会，小细胞规模）和农业（中等规模的活动生态行会，线状披针形）明显。较高比例的水和人造表面可能支持具有特定特征的硅藻物种的传播：轮廓略长的低调行会。然而，无论是在局部还是流域尺度，都没有检测到城市化对特征集、物种组成和丰富度的影响，这可能是由于整个流域中人工表面的比例相对较小。