Women with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) diagnosed prior to pregnancy are classified as having pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM). The prevalence of hyperglycemia in pregnancy has been estimated at 17% globally and 5.4% in Europe, differences existing among racial and ethnic groups, following the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Only a minority (approximately 15%) of the cases of diabetes during pregnancy represent women with pre-existing diabetes. Because of the rising prevalence of obesity and limited screening for diabetes in young women, there has been, globally, an increase in the diagnosis of previously unknown overt diabetes early in pregnancy; these women should be treated as women with pre-existing diabetes, as they may already have unrecognized complications (e.g., nephropathy and retinopathy). The Hellenic Endocrine Society and the Hellenic Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine commissioned an expert group to construct national guidelines on "Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy: Pre-existing type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus". Following a search for the best available evidence and critical appraisal of the search results, the writing group generated a series of consensus recommendations regarding preconception counseling and care, care during pregnancy, and care after the pregnancy in cases of pre-existing T1DM and T2DM.

中文翻译：

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糖尿病与妊娠临床实践指南：Ⅰ．预先存在的 1 型和 2 型糖尿病。

在怀孕前诊断出患有 1 型 (T1DM) 或 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 的女性被归类为患有预先存在的糖尿病 (DM)。在 2 型糖尿病流行之后，妊娠期高血糖症的流行率估计为 17%，欧洲为 5.4%，种族和民族之间存在差异。只有少数（约 15%）的妊娠期糖尿病病例代表既往患有糖尿病的女性。由于肥胖患病率的上升以及年轻女性糖尿病筛查有限，在全球范围内，在怀孕早期诊断出以前未知的明显糖尿病的人数有所增加；这些女性应作为既往患有糖尿病的女性进行治疗，因为她们可能已经有无法识别的并发症（例如，肾病和视网膜病）。希腊内分泌学会和希腊母胎医学学会委托一个专家组制定关于“糖尿病和妊娠：预先存在的 1 型和 2 型糖尿病”的国家指南。在搜索最佳可用证据并对搜索结果进行批判性评估后，编写小组就孕前咨询和护理、孕期护理以及已存在 T1DM 和 T2DM 的孕后护理提出了一系列共识建议。