The meaning and truth conditions for claims about physical modality and causation have been considered problematic since Hume’s empiricist critique. But the underlying semantic commitments that follow from Hume’s empiricism about ideas have long been abandoned by the philosophical community. Once the consequences of that abandonment are properly appreciated, the problems of physical modality and causal locutions fall away, and can be painlessly solved.

中文翻译：

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莫代尔免费午餐

自休谟的经验主义批判以来，关于物理形态和因果关系的断言的意义和真值条件一直被认为是有问题的。但是，从休谟关于观念的经验主义而来的潜在语义承诺早已被哲学界所抛弃。一旦适当地认识到这种放弃的后果，身体形态和因果关系的问题就会消失，并且可以轻松解决。