In this work, the traffic characteristics and emissions of air pollutants were predicted for two vehicle classifications (passenger cars and trucks) at the national highway in Kyoto City, Japan. Traffic characteristic information (traffic volume, travel speed, and degree of congestion) was estimated based on the digitised data collected by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT) of Japan. A vehicle emission model, known as the computer program to calculate emissions from road transport (COPERT), was utilised to compute the emission factors (EFs) and total emissions of air pollutants in terms of exhaust particulate matter (PM Exh ), benzene (C 6 H 6 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxide (NO x ). Input variables, such as fuel data, activity data, driving conditions, and meteorological conditions, are needed. The findings revealed that the pollutant emissions reached the higher values over the slower travel speed phase. Road no. 1 with the most congested road segment has intensified vehicle numbers, and the slowest traffic flow movement exposed a greater magnitude of pollutant emissions. C 6 H 6 and CO emissions are obviously more emitted from the passenger cars whereas the trucks are responsible for the greater emission of NO x and PM Exh . The EFs of pollutants were compared with the Japanese Emission Standards through JE05 and JC08 chassis dynamometer test cycles. The estimated EFs showed inconsistency with the EFs derived from the test cycles. These results may be deployed as the input in air quality dispersion modelling in urban areas for designing the air pollution abatement strategy.

中文翻译：

---

市区道路交通交通特征及污染物排放

在这项工作中，预测了日本京都市国道上两种车辆分类（轿车和卡车）的交通特征和空气污染物排放。交通特征信息（交通量、行驶速度和拥堵程度）是根据日本国土交通省（MLIT）收集的数字化数据估算的。车辆排放模型，称为计算道路交通排放的计算机程序 (COPERT)，用于计算排放因子 (EFs) 和空气污染物排放总量 (PM Exh)、苯 (C 6 H 6 )、一氧化碳 (CO) 和氮氧化物 (NO x )。需要输入变量，例如燃料数据、活动数据、驾驶条件和气象条件。研究结果表明，污染物排放在较慢的行驶速度阶段达到较高的值。路号 1号路段拥堵最严重，车辆数量增多，车流运动最慢，暴露出的污染物排放量更大。C 6 H 6 和CO 排放显然更多来自客车，而卡车则是造成更多NO x 和PM Exh 排放的原因。通过 JE05 和 JC08 底盘测功机测试循环，污染物的 EF 与日本排放标准进行了比较。估计的 EF 与从测试周期得出的 EF 不一致。这些结果可以作为城市地区空气质量扩散模型的输入，用于设计空气污染减排策略。