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An Observing System Simulation Experiment to Assess the Potential Impact of a Virtual Mobile Communication Tower-based Observation Network on Weather Forecasting Accuracy in China. Part 1: Weather Stations with a Typical Mobile Tower Height of 40 m
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-15 , DOI: 10.1007/s00376-020-9058-1 Xuanming Zhao , Jiang Zhu , Lijing Cheng , Yubao Liu , Yuewei Liu
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-15 , DOI: 10.1007/s00376-020-9058-1 Xuanming Zhao , Jiang Zhu , Lijing Cheng , Yubao Liu , Yuewei Liu
The importance of a national or regional network of meteorological stations for improving weather predictions has been recognized for many years. Ground-based automatic weather stations typically observe weather at a height of 2–10 m above ground level (AGL); however, these observations may have two major shortcomings. Large portions of data cannot be used if the station height is significantly lower than the model surface level; and such observations may contain large representativity errors as near-surface observations are often affected by the local environment, such as nearby buildings and tall trees. With the recent introduction of a significant number of mobile communication towers that are typically over 40 m AGL in China, a campaign has been proposed to use such towers to build a future observing system with an observing height of 40 m. A series of observing system simulation experiments has been conducted to assess the potential utility of such a future observing system as part of a feasibility study. The experiments were conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting model and its Rapid Update Cycle data assimilation system. The results revealed the possibility of improving weather forecasting by raising present weather stations to a height of 40 m; this would not only enable more observations to pass the terrain check, but should also reduce interpolation errors. Additionally, improvements for temperature, humidity and wind forecasting could be achieved as the accuracy of the initial conditions increases. 国家标准和区域气象观测站在提高数值天气预报中的重要作用多年来得到了国际公认。常规地面观测站通常观测的是近地面2-10米处的气象要素,因而这种观测系统存在两个比较明显的缺陷:1.大量的观测数据由于观测高度远低于模式地形高度而不能被利用,造成了巨大的资源浪费。2.这种观测系统容易受周围环境的影响(比如高大的建筑和树木),包含较大的代表性误差。近年来,中国修建了大量地面高度在40米左右的移动通讯铁塔,这为我们设计未来观测系统提供了一个有利的平台。为了在这种铁塔上开发更加高效合理的新型观测系统,我们用观测系统模拟实验对这种移动铁塔观测系统进行了可行性研究。实验采用WRF区域模式和快速更新循环同化方法。研究结果表明相对于传统的地面观测系统,这种新型移动铁塔观测系统不仅能够提高观测资料的利用率,还能减少同化时插值误差。除此之外,还能提提高初场始的准确度从而提高气压、相对湿度和风场的预报。
更新日期：2020-05-15
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