Abstract Presently the relaxation is mainly an empirical field of science. Despite the availability of microscopic theoretical models, in practice, the relaxation phenomena are generally described by a few empirical relaxation functions. In the present paper, the author generalizes the most known relaxation functions describing the relaxation phenomena. For the analysis, a simple model of the mechanical oscillator is used. The general patterns of the relaxation phenomena are identified. A new classification of the relaxation processes is suggested. A new generalized equation, yielding a number of new relaxation functions is proposed. A brief description of the properties of the obtained functions is given. It is shown that the introduced classification gives the macroscopic explanation of the physical meaning of various types of relaxation.

中文翻译：

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松弛过程的分类。产生新松弛函数的广义方程

摘要 目前松弛主要是一个经验科学领域。尽管存在微观理论模型，但实际上，松弛现象通常由一些经验松弛函数来描述。在本文中，作者概括了描述松弛现象的最著名的松弛函数。为了进行分析，使用了机械振荡器的简单模型。确定了松弛现象的一般模式。建议对松弛过程进行新的分类。提出了一个新的广义方程，产生了许多新的松弛函数。给出了所获得函数的性质的简要描述。结果表明，引入的分类给出了各种松弛类型物理意义的宏观解释。