Glucocorticoids and the cytokines IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 present in the tumor microenvironment induce PD-1 expression on human natural killer cells.,Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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Glucocorticoids and the cytokines IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 present in the tumor microenvironment induce PD-1 expression on human natural killer cells.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-14 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.044
Linda Quatrini ₁ , Paola Vacca ₁ , Nicola Tumino ₁ , Francesca Besi ₁ , Anna Laura Di Pace ₁ , Francesca Scordamaglia ₂ , Stefania Martini ₃ , Enrico Munari ₄ , Maria Cristina Mingari ₅ , Sophie Ugolini ₆ , Lorenzo Moretta ₁

Affiliation

Background

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)–immune checkpoint blockade has provided significant clinical efficacy across various types of cancer by unleashing both T and natural killer (NK) cell–mediated antitumor responses. However, resistance to immunotherapy occurs for many patients, rendering the identification of the mechanisms that control PD-1 expression extremely important to increase the response to the therapy.

Objective

We sought to identify the stimuli and the molecular mechanisms that induce the de novo PD-1 expression on human NK cells in the tumor setting.

Methods

NK cells freshly isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors were stimulated with different combinations of molecules, and PD-1 expression was studied at the mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, ex vivo analysis of tumor microenvironment and NK cell phenotype was performed.

Results

Glucocorticoids are indispensable for PD-1 induction on human NK cells, in cooperation with a combination of cytokines that are abundant at the tumor site. Mechanistically, glucocorticoids together with IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 not only upregulate PDCD1 transcription, but also activate a previously unrecognized transcriptional program leading to enhanced mRNA translation and resulting in an increased PD-1 amount in NK cells.

Conclusions

These results provide evidence of a novel immune suppressive mechanism of glucocorticoids involving the transcriptional and translational control of an important immune checkpoint.

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