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Rapid mineral surface weathering beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet shown by radium and uranium isotopes
Chemical Geology ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119663
Benjamin S. Linhoff , Mathew A. Charette , Jemma Wadham

Abstract Glaciated watersheds are regions of intense physical and chemical weathering. In order to gain new insight on subglacial weathering processes, we measured uranium and radium isotopes from a proglacial river draining the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). Time series samples were collected from the spring to mid-summer, a time period during which subglacial drainage pathways are thought to transition from slow-inefficient (distributed) to fast-efficient (channelized) systems. The 228Ra/226Ra activity ratio of the dissolved load varied from 5.2 ± 0.9–16.9 ± 3.6, which was significantly higher than the 228Ra/226Ra ratio of a suspended sediment load sample of 2.1 ± 0.07 and crustal values of ~1. The high 228Ra/226Ra in the dissolved load relative to the source rock material is indicative of mineral surface weathering induced by rapid and continuous flushing of the subglacial drainage network during the course of the melt season and those prior. The 234U/238U ratio (δ234U) varied between 33 and 106‰ with a discharge-weighted mean of 67‰; the seasonal evolution of δ234U did not correlate to geochemical indicators of subglacial meltwater storage time. An experiment designed to measure changes in δ234U with increasing meltwater storage times found that δ234U in the dissolved phase decreased rapidly with increasing storage time. Similarly, samples collected along a transect moving downstream from the ice sheet terminus had decreasing δ234U values from 63 to 15‰ further indicating that with increased weathering, the δ234U of meltwater decreases. Coupled with the relatively low δ234U and high 228Ra/226Ra, U appears to be impacted by rapid chemical weathering of subglacial and suspended sediments. The Leverett River discharge weighted U concentration was 0.13 nM; if this system is considered representative of the broader GrIS, then the total dissolved U flux from the GrIS would be on the order of 6.4 × 104 mol/y. Using a similar set of assumptions, the dissolved 228Ra and 226Ra flux from the GrIS was ~1.1 × 1014 dpm/y and ~ 5.5 × 1013 dpm/y, respectively. These estimates suggest that the 226Ra flux to the ocean from the GrIS is globally significant and that the 228Ra flux in particular is larger than most river inputs.

中文翻译:

镭和铀同位素显示格陵兰冰盖下快速矿物表面风化

摘要 冰川流域是物理和化学风化作用强烈的区域。为了获得有关冰下风化过程的新见解,我们测量了从格陵兰冰盖 (GrIS) 中排水的前冰河中的铀和镭同位素。时间序列样本是从春季到仲夏收集的,在此期间,冰下排水通道被认为从低效(分布式)系统过渡到快速高效(通道化)系统。溶解负荷的 228Ra/226Ra 活度比为 5.2±0.9-16.9±3.6,明显高于悬浮泥沙负荷样品的 228Ra/226Ra 比值 2.1±0.07 和地壳值~1。相对于源岩材料,溶解负荷中的高 228Ra/226Ra 表明在融化季节和之前的过程中,由冰下排水网络的快速和连续冲洗引起的矿物表面风化。234U/238U 比值 (δ234U) 在 33 到 106‰ 之间变化,排放加权平均值为 67‰;δ234U 的季节性演变与冰下融水储存时间的地球化学指标无关。一项旨在测量 δ234U 随着融水储存时间增加而变化的实验发现,溶解相中的 δ234U 随着储存时间的增加而迅速下降。类似地,沿着从冰盖终点向下游移动的横断面收集的样本的 δ234U 值从 63‰降低到 15‰,进一步表明随着风化作用的增加,融水的δ234U减小。加上相对较低的 δ234U 和较高的 228Ra/226Ra,U 似乎受到冰下和悬浮沉积物快速化学风化的影响。Leverett River 排放加权 U 浓度为 0.13 nM;如果该系统被认为是更广泛的 GrIS 的代表,那么来自 GrIS 的总溶解 U 通量将约为 6.4 × 104 mol/y。使用一组类似的假设,来自 GrIS 的溶解 228Ra 和 226Ra 通量分别为 ~1.1 × 1014 dpm/y 和 ~ 5.5 × 1013 dpm/y。这些估计表明,从 GrIS 到海洋的 226Ra 通量具有全球意义,尤其是 228Ra 通量大于大多数河流输入。U 似乎受到冰下和悬浮沉积物快速化学风化的影响。Leverett River 排放加权 U 浓度为 0.13 nM;如果该系统被认为是更广泛的 GrIS 的代表,那么来自 GrIS 的总溶解 U 通量将约为 6.4 × 104 mol/y。使用一组类似的假设,来自 GrIS 的溶解 228Ra 和 226Ra 通量分别为 ~1.1 × 1014 dpm/y 和 ~ 5.5 × 1013 dpm/y。这些估计表明,从 GrIS 到海洋的 226Ra 通量具有全球意义,尤其是 228Ra 通量大于大多数河流输入。U 似乎受到冰下和悬浮沉积物快速化学风化的影响。Leverett River 排放加权 U 浓度为 0.13 nM;如果该系统被认为是更广泛的 GrIS 的代表,那么来自 GrIS 的总溶解 U 通量将约为 6.4 × 104 mol/y。使用一组类似的假设,来自 GrIS 的溶解 228Ra 和 226Ra 通量分别为 ~1.1 × 1014 dpm/y 和 ~ 5.5 × 1013 dpm/y。这些估计表明,从 GrIS 到海洋的 226Ra 通量具有全球意义,尤其是 228Ra 通量大于大多数河流输入。使用一组类似的假设,来自 GrIS 的溶解 228Ra 和 226Ra 通量分别为 ~1.1 × 1014 dpm/y 和 ~ 5.5 × 1013 dpm/y。这些估计表明,从 GrIS 到海洋的 226Ra 通量具有全球意义,尤其是 228Ra 通量大于大多数河流输入。使用一组类似的假设,来自 GrIS 的溶解 228Ra 和 226Ra 通量分别为 ~1.1 × 1014 dpm/y 和 ~ 5.5 × 1013 dpm/y。这些估计表明,从 GrIS 到海洋的 226Ra 通量具有全球意义,尤其是 228Ra 通量大于大多数河流输入。
更新日期:2020-08-01
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