Fetal growth restriction and overgrowth are common obstetrical complications that result in adverse perinatal outcomes and long-term health risks later in life, including neurodevelopmental dysfunction and adult metabolic syndrome. Placenta plays a critical role in the nutrition transfer from mother to fetus and even exert adaptive mechanism when the fetus is under poor developmental conditions. The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling serves as a critical hub of cell growth, survival, and metabolism in response to nutrients, growth factors, energy, and stress signals. Placental mTOR signaling regulates placental function, including oxygen and nutrient transport. Therefore, placental mTOR signaling is hypothesized to have a positive relationship with fetal growth. In this review, we summarize that most studies support the current evidence that there is connection between placental mTOR signaling and abnormal fetal growth, but more studies should be performed following vigorous assessing methods on determining placental mTOR activity.

中文翻译：

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胎盘 mTOR 信号转导与胎儿生长之间是否存在明确关系？

胎儿生长受限和过度生长是常见的产科并发症，会导致不良的围产期结局和生命后期的长期健康风险，包括神经发育功能障碍和成人代谢综合征。胎盘在母体向胎儿的营养传递中起着关键作用，甚至在胎儿发育不良时发挥适应机制。雷帕霉素 (mTOR) 信号的哺乳动物/机械靶标是细胞生长、存活和代谢的关键枢纽，以响应营养、生长因子、能量和压力信号。胎盘 mTOR 信号调节胎盘功能，包括氧气和营养物质的运输。因此，假设胎盘 mTOR 信号与胎儿生长呈正相关。在这次审查中，