Ample evidence has demonstrated that biological cells not only react to biochemical cues from the surrounding microenvironments but also sensitively detect the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix and neighboring cells to adapt their shape, function, and fate. Mechanical aspects in biology, called mechanobiology, have been attracting biologists, chemists, physicists, and mechanical engineers. However, most in vitro studies to date have heavily relied on covalently cross-linked hydrogels with prefixed and hence unchangeable mechanical properties, although the mechanical properties of the cellular microenvironment are never uniform or static. From this context, stimuli-responsive hydrogels are highly attractive as surrogate materials that can simulate dynamic physical microenvironments in vivo. This review tries to provide a comprehensive overview of previous achievements, present pitfalls and challenges, and future perspectives on the recent development of stimuli-responsive hydrogel materials for the dynamic control of cell behavior. Stimulus-responsive hydrogels are highly attractive as the surrogate materials that can simulate dynamic mechanical microenvironments surrounding biological cells in vivo. This review tries to provide with comprehensive overviews on the previous achievements, present pitfalls and challenges, and future perspectives on the recent development on stimulus-responsive hydrogel materials for the dynamic control of cell behaviors.

中文翻译：

---

刺激响应水凝胶作为动态细胞微环境的模型

大量证据表明，生物细胞不仅对来自周围微环境的生化线索做出反应，而且还灵敏地检测细胞外基质和邻近细胞的机械特性，以适应它们的形状、功能和命运。生物学中的机械方面，称为机械生物学，一直吸引着生物学家、化学家、物理学家和机械工程师。然而，迄今为止，大多数体外研究严重依赖于具有前缀的共价交联水凝胶，因此机械性能不变，尽管细胞微环境的机械性能从来都不是统一的或静态的。从这个角度来看，刺激响应水凝胶作为替代材料非常有吸引力，可以模拟体内动态物理微环境。本综述试图全面概述先前的成就、目前的陷阱和挑战，以及对用于动态控制细胞行为的刺激响应水凝胶材料的最新发展的未来展望。刺激响应水凝胶作为替代材料非常有吸引力，可以模拟体内生物细胞周围的动态机械微环境。本综述试图全面概述先前的成就、目前的陷阱和挑战，以及对刺激响应水凝胶材料用于动态控制细胞行为的最新发展的未来展望。以及对用于动态控制细胞行为的刺激响应性水凝胶材料的最新发展的未来展望。刺激响应水凝胶作为替代材料非常有吸引力，可以模拟体内生物细胞周围的动态机械微环境。本综述试图全面概述先前的成就、目前的陷阱和挑战，以及对刺激响应水凝胶材料用于动态控制细胞行为的最新发展的未来展望。以及对用于动态控制细胞行为的刺激响应性水凝胶材料的最新发展的未来展望。刺激响应水凝胶作为替代材料非常有吸引力，可以模拟体内生物细胞周围的动态机械微环境。本综述试图全面概述先前的成就、目前的陷阱和挑战，以及对刺激响应水凝胶材料用于动态控制细胞行为的最新发展的未来展望。