Luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies have been an active area of galaxy research since their discovery more than three decades ago. With its vast increase in sensitivity in the infrared, Spitzer played a major role in exploring these galaxies in the local Universe, and at high redshifts. In this Review, we highlight some of the discoveries made with the Infrared Spectrograph on Spitzer, through observations of luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies to cosmic noon. These include measuring the role of starbursts and actively accreting supermassive black holes as power sources, finding evidence for energetic feedback on the atomic and molecular interstellar gas and dust and identifying the physical properties of luminous infrared galaxies on and off the galaxy star-forming main sequence. Finally, we briefly discuss how future infrared telescopes will build upon the discoveries of Spitzer to better understand the evolution of this important population since the epoch of reionization.

自从三十几年前发现以来，发光和超发光红外星系一直是星系研究的活跃领域。随着红外灵敏度的极大提高，斯皮策在探索当地宇宙和高红移中的这些星系方面发挥了重要作用。在这篇评论中，我们通过观察发光和超发光红外星系到宇宙正午，重点介绍了斯皮策红外光谱仪的一些发现。这些措施包括测量爆炸的作用，并积极吸收超大质量黑洞作为动力源，寻找有关原子和分子星际气体和尘埃的高能反馈的证据，并识别在形成星系的主星系内外的发光红外星系的物理特性。 。最后，